基于“营改增”政策视角下的高校基建项目造价影响分析
2021-01-13汪苏滕永王明超
汪苏 滕永 王明超
摘要本文结合我国近几年“营改增”政策执行的实际情况,以高校不同类别的建设工程项目为例,在“营改增”政策影響下,为保障高校基建项目建设顺利实施,就如何利用政策红利降低税负及节约工程成本提出相应对策:成立具有建筑劳务资质等级的劳务公司、施工机械设备尽量选择设备加人员的租赁方式、通过材料费临界点的对比合理抵扣进项税。经过上述方案实施,得出只要合理进行进项税的抵扣,企业税负是降低的,“营改增”政策利大于弊的结论。
关键词 营改增 高校基建 工程造价 材料成本
中图分类号:TU723文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.29.011
Analysis on the Cost Impact of University Infrastructure Projects from the Perspective of "Replacing Business Tax with Value-added Tax"
WANG Su, TENG Yong, WANG Mingchao
(Fuzhou Polytechnic, Fuzhou, Fujian 350018)
AbstractCombined with the actual situation of the implementation of the "replacing business tax with value-added tax" policy in China in recent years, taking different types of construction projects in colleges and universities as an example, under the influence of the "replacing business tax with value-added tax" policy, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures on how to use the policy dividend to reduce the tax burden and save the project cost: establishinga labor company with construction laborqualification. The leasingmodeofequipment plus personnel shall be selected as far as possible for the construction machinery and equipment, and the input tax shall be reasonably deducted through the comparison of the critical point of material cost. After the implementation of the above scheme, it is concluded that as long as the input tax deduction is reasonable, the enterprise tax burden will be reduced, and the advantages of the "replacing business tax with value-added tax" policy outweigh the disadvantages.
Keywordsreplacing business tax with value-added tax; college infrastructure; construction cost; material cost
1分析背景及研究目的
建筑业“营改增”的目的是以“增值税”转移抵扣的形式减轻企业的税负,在增值税进项税与销项税相互抵扣基础上,实现了“价税分离”。然而,增值税取代营业税实施四年来,建筑企业纷纷表示税负有所增加。针对此类问题,从2016年国家全面实施“营改增”政策,增值税税率又进行了两轮调整,2018年5月1日起,建筑行业综合税率由11%调整为10%、2019年4月1日起,建筑行业综合税率由10%调整为9%,这一举措是在确保政策真正帮助企业减税降负。但仍有些企业在实施过程中存在税负增加的情况,目前无法真正降低税负是由于进项税额取得困难,其主要原因为:(1)人工成本。大部分建设项目的人工成本为临时招聘的民工或公司劳务派遣的项目经理。不能抵扣进项税,只能作为成本从企业所得税中扣除。……
