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成都平原农田大气降尘重金属含量特征分析

2021-01-11叶娇珑钟红梅袁宏马婵华欧阳文杰

河南科技 2021年23期

叶娇珑 钟红梅 袁宏 马婵华 欧阳文杰

摘 要:为探究大气降尘中重金属污染程度,在成都平原某农田区及周边设置51个采样点采集大气降尘,分析降尘重金属含量。结果表明:研究区大气降尘重金属含量均高于土壤背景值;As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn重金属含量的变异程度大,空间分布不均匀;根据元素富集特征分析发现,各重金属均受人为活动影响,但程度不同。其中:Cd元素富集呈显著污染,受人为活动影响剧烈;重金属元素Cu、Pb、As为一类,主要受工厂冶炼和交通活动影响;Cd、Hg、Zn各为一类,主要受工业、交通活动以及燃煤影响。

关键词:大气降尘;重金属;聚类分析

中图分类号:X513;X820.4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2021)23-0136-03

Abstract: In order to evaluate the contamination of heavy metals from atmospheric deposition in Chongzhou city, Sichuan province, 51 samples of atmospheric dust were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the content of heavy metals were higher than ones in soil.  The content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn had a large degree of variation and uneven distribution in space. According to analysis, all heavy metals were mainly controlled by human factors, especially Cd showed high contamination and affected by human activities severely. Cu, Pb, As fall into one category, and their contents mainly originated from factory and traffic emission. Cd, Hg, Zn can be divided into three different categories, the contents of which mainly originated from industrial emission, traffic emission and coal combustion.

Keywords: atmospheric dust;heavy metals;cluster analysis

近年來,随着城市的迅速扩张和经济的快速发展,燃煤、机动车、工业以及扬尘等重金属污染源排放到大气中的颗粒物日趋严重。重金属因不能被生物降解且具有生物累积性,直接威胁人类健康而受到了广泛关注[1-3]。国内外许多学者将降尘元素含量与当地土壤元素背景值进行对比,发现降尘元素含量高于当地背景值的情况普遍存在[4-6]。大气降尘污染已成为不可避免的环境问题,将会对动物、植物和人体产生直接或间接危害。通过对降尘量的理化性质进行测定,可以定量分析大气降尘的污染程度、危害水平以及来源[7-10]。

1 材料与方法

1.1 样品采集

研究区位于成都平原,四川盆地西部,范围37.5 km2,以农业规模化种植为主。本试验于2021年5月按照《区域生态地球化学评价技术要求》在研究区进行土壤和大气降尘样品采集工作。……

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