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以重演的方式实现科学史教育价值

2021-01-10叶宝生曹温庆徐燕

科教导刊 2021年15期

叶宝生 曹温庆 徐燕

摘要科学作为人类的一种特殊的实践活动,既强调哲学家传统,也强调工匠传统,也就是既强调思辨的思维活动,也强调以观察实验为主的实践活动。而科学史是以文本(文字和图片)的方式呈现在教材中或用讲故事的方式出现在教学中。将科学史引入科学教学,会出现阅读史料和讲解历史的情形。这样,科学史料的学习和观察实验学习,在教学实践中会产生教学方式选择困难——“讲”科学还是“做”科学。本文以哲学重演律为基础,探讨以重演的方式,“做”科学史和“用”科学史,将科学史融入科学教学中,既发挥科学史的科学教育意义,又可以让学生体验科学探索过程。

关键词 科学史 重演 科学实践

中图分类号:G424文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.05.027

Realizing the Educational Value of the History of Science by Repeating

YE Baosheng, CAO Wenqing, XU Yan

(Elementary Education College of Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048)

Abstract: As a special practical activity of human beings, science emphasizes not only the tradition of phi? losophers, but also the tradition of craftsmen, that is, it emphasizes not only the speculative thinking activity, but also the practical activity based on observation and experiment. The history of science is presented in text? books in the form of text (words and pictures) or in teaching in the form of storytelling. If the history of sci? ence is introduced into science teaching, there will be situations of reading historical materials and explaining history. In this way, the study of scientific historical materials and observation experiments will lead to difficul? ties in the choice of teaching methods in teaching practice - "speaking" science or "doing" science. Based on the law of philosophical repetition, this paper discusses how to "do" and "use" the history of science by means of repetition, and how to integrate the history of science into the teaching of science. It can not only give play to the significance of science education in the history of science, but also enable students to experience the pro? cess of scientific exploration.

Keywords: the history of science; repeat; scientific practice

對于科学史引入科学教育的意义和价值,科学教育工作者早已形成共识。袁维新先生总结出如下四点:理解科学本质、理解科学过程、培养人文精神和培养批判精神。吴国盛先生在《科学的历程》中开宗明义地指出:科学史有助于理科教学;科学史有助于理解科学的批评性和统一性;科学史有助于理解科学的社会角色和人文意义。这些学者不但指出了科学史的科学教育内涵,而且指出了科学史在科学教育中的重要作用。将科学史引入科学教学成为科学教育的一种重要选择。

科学作为人类的一种特殊的实践活动,既强调哲学家传统,也强调工匠传统,也就是既强调思辨的思维活动,也强调以观察实验为主的实践活动。……

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