金蝉脱壳
2021-01-09曾宝俊
曾宝俊
摘要“金蝉脱壳”出自《三十六计》,比喻留下表面现象,实际上脱身逃走。科学概念包括科学的观念和对科学的看法,小学科学教育的目的是使学生具有科学概念。很多学生在学习科学概念前已经具有科学前概念,那么在教学中教师如何促使学生科学概念的转变呢?实施“金蝉脱壳”策略,设置具体的问题情境,使学生亲历构建科学概念的过程,能帮助学生有效建构科学概念。
关键词 金蝉脱壳 科学概念 问题情境
中图分类号:G424文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.24.033
Do a Quick Change
——Changing students’ concepts by using contradictory situations
ZENG Baojun
(Soochow University Experimental School, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215133)
Abstract: "The golden cicada comes out of the shell" comes from the thirty six strategies. It is a metaphor for leaving a superficial phenomenon and actually escaping. Scientific concepts include scientific concepts and views on science. The purpose of primary school science education is to make students have scientific concepts. Many students have pre scientific concepts before learning scientific concepts. How can teachers promote the transformation of students’ scientific concepts in teaching? The implementation of the "golden cicada shelling" strategy and the setting of specific problem situations enable students to experience the process of constructing scientific concepts, which can help students construct scientific concepts effectively.
Keywords: golden cicada shelling; scientific concept; problem situation
“金蟬脱壳”是《三十六计·混战计》中的一计,原文为:“存其形,完其势;友不疑,敌不动。巽而止蛊。”原意指金蝉变为成虫时,要脱去幼虫的壳,比喻留下表面现象,实际上脱身逃走。军事上指留下虚假的表象来稳住敌人,自己暗中脱身而去,离开险境。由此计笔者联想到学生科学概念转变时表现出来的顽固性:学生很多时候看起来掌握了科学概念,考试也能正确答题,但在生活实际运用中,深藏在学生头脑深处的原生概念或理论就会主宰他们的观念,进而指挥他们的行动。在教学中教师如何促使学生科学概念的转变,实现金蝉脱壳、化蛹成蝶?
一
我们先看一则寓言——《小鱼与青蛙》。
从前,在一条清澈的河流中住着一个小蝌蚪和一条小鱼,它们彼此照顾,相互依赖,成为要好的朋友。
时间一天天过去,蝌蚪渐渐长大了,变成青蛙,离开小河,来到陆地上,它分别看到了人、老虎和鸟等其他动物。
当青蛙回到河里,鱼问它:“你去了陆地上,都结交了哪些好朋友呢?……
