喻科凡 代快 龙怀玉 张认连 朱国龙 王转 李格

摘 要：為探究云南烤烟耗水规律、发展烟田高效水分管理技术，在云南玉溪市进行大棚盆栽试验，以常规浇灌（CK）为对照，设置–5 kPa（W1）、–10 kPa（W2）两个负压灌溉处理，观测不同处理下烤烟生长发育、耗水特征及光合作用。结果表明，相较于常规灌溉，负压灌溉处理能够显著提高伸根期、旺长期烤烟株高，且以W1更优;在烤烟成熟期，W2的最大叶长及叶面积显著低于CK，除茎围外，W1的各项农艺性状与CK均无显著差异，茎围表现为CK>W1>W2，处理间差异显著;相较于CK，W1各器官干质量及总干质量变化不显著，而W2显著降低了叶干质量、茎干质量及总干质量，W2处理根质量占全株的比例显著高于CK，不显著高于W1;负压灌溉降低了烤烟中后期的作物系数，显著减少了烤烟耗水量14.1%～ 45.7%，W2的水分利用效率（WUE）较CK显著提高28.6%，W1的WUE与CK无明显差异;除旺长期净光合速率（Pn）表现为CK>W2>W1、成熟期胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）表现为W2>CK>W1外，各光合特性数值均表现为CK>W1>W2。综上，–5 kPa负压灌溉对云南红壤烤烟生长没有显著影响，−10 kPa负压灌溉则显著限制烤烟生长。

关键词：负压灌溉;烤烟;耗水量;作物系数;水分利用效率;光合作用

Abstract： In order to explore the characteristics of water consumption of flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan and develop technology of efficient water management in tobacco field， a pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted in Yuxi City， Yunnan Province. With conventional irrigation （CK） as control， two negative pressure irrigation treatments of –5 kPa （W1） and –10 kPa （W2） were set up to observe the characteristics of water consumption， growth and development and photosynthesis of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments. The results showed that compared with conventional irrigation， negative pressure irrigation could significantly increase the plant height of flue-cured tobacco at root spreading stage and fast growing stage， and W1 treatment was better; The maximum leaf length and leaf area of W2 treatment were significantly lower than those of CK at mature stage， and except for stem circumference， there was no significant difference between W1 treatment and CK， the stem circumference was CK>W1>W2， and the difference among treatments was significant; Compared with CK， organs dry biomass and total dry biomass of W1 did not change significantly， while W2 significantly decreased leaf dry matter， stem dry matter and total matter. The proportion of root biomass of W2 was significantly higher than that of CK， but not significantly different from that of W1; negative pressure irrigation reduced the crop coefficient of flue-cured tobacco at the middle and late stages， significantly reduced the total water consumption of flue-cured tobacco by 14.4%～45.7%; Compared with CK， W2 significantly improved the water use efficiency by 28.6%， and there was no significant difference between W1 and CK; Except that the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） at fast growing stage was CK>W2>W1， and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration （Ci） at the mature stage was W2>CK>W1， the photosynthetic characteristics were CK>W1>W2. To sum up， –5 kPa negative pressure irrigation had no significant effect on the growth of flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan red soil， while –10 kPa negative pressure irrigation significantly restricted the growth of flue-cured tobacco.

Keywords： negative pressure irrigation; flue-cured tobacco; water consumption; crop coefficient; water use efficiency; photosynthesis

负压灌溉技术能将根区土壤水分控制在作物生长的最佳水平，持续稳定地供水，减少耗水量，从而提高作物生产力及水肥利用效率[1-4]，近年来在茼蒿[1]、黄瓜[2]、紫叶生菜[3]、番茄[4]等作物上得到了较多的研究。但负压灌溉的技术效果与土壤条件密切相关，向艳艳等[5]试验表明辣椒的果长、果径和单果重等指标在红菜园土上的供水压力以–5.0 kPa最好，而在潮菜园土上以–10 kPa最好。……