张峰 谢全灵 余志强 操晓亮 张怡评 赵敏 洪专 郭洪辉 陈晖 洪祖灿

摘 要：为了开发天然海藻多糖烟用保润剂，采用酶解法从珊瑚藻中提取多糖，首先考察5种酶对多糖提取量以及卷烟吸食品质的影响;在优选木聚糖酶的基础上，进一步通过单因素试验考察酶解温度、酶解时间、酶添加量、柠檬酸浓度等提取工艺条件对多糖提取量的影响;最后设计4因素3水平正交试验优化珊瑚藻多糖的酶法提取工艺。结果表明，最优酶法提取工艺条件为：木聚糖酶添加量为0.8%（m/m），酶解温度50 ℃，酶解时间3 h，柠檬酸浓度为0.062 5 g/L，珊瑚藻多糖提取量為（661.1±7.8） mg/g。感官分析评价结果表明，添加适量的珊瑚藻多糖具有显著改善卷烟吸食品质的效果。

关键词：珊瑚藻;酶法提取;木聚糖酶;多糖;卷烟

Abstract： The aim of this study was to develop natural polysaccharide humectant for cigarette. The method of enzymatic hydrolysis was used to extract polysaccharides from coralline algae. Firstly， the effects of five kinds of enzymes on the extraction amount of polysaccharides and their corresponding sensory evaluation of smoking quality were studied. After selecting xylanase as the optimal enzyme， the single-factor experiments were carried out to systematically investigate the influences of enzymolysis temperature， enzymolysis time， enzyme content， and citric acid concentration on the extraction amount of polysaccharides. Finally， four factors and three levels orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the enzymatic extraction process. The results showed that the optimum conditions of the enzymatic extraction process were as follows： xylanase dosage 0.8% （m/m）， enzymolysis temperature 50 ℃， enzymolysis time 3 h， citric acid concentration 0.062 5 g/L. Under the optimal enzymatic extraction process， the extraction amount of coralline polysaccharides reached （661.1±7.8） mg/g. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the smoking qualities of cigarettes were significantly improved with the addition of an appropriate amount of coralline polysaccharides.

Keywords： coralline algae; enzymatic extraction; xylanase; polysaccharide; cigarette

烟草保润性能对卷烟品质有着重要影响，我国卷烟制品的保润性能较差，存在烟气干燥、辛辣、甜润度不够等诸多缺陷[1-2]。海藻多糖富含羟基等亲水性基团，具有很强的保水作用，是一类理想的天然烟用保润剂。开发特色海藻多糖烟用保润剂，对提高卷烟产品品质、彰显卷烟品牌风格特征、提高中式卷烟产品竞争力等都具有重要的意义[3]。

目前，海藻多糖的提取方法有热水提取法[4-5]、酸提法[6-7]、碱提法[8-9]、醇提法[5，10]、微波辅助提取法[11-12]、超声波辅助提取法[13-14]、酶解法[15-16]等。传统热水提取法操作简单，但耗时长、多糖得率低;酸、碱提取法可得到酸溶性、碱溶性不同种类多糖，但会降解部分多糖，对多糖的结构和活性影响较大;醇提法需使用大量有机溶剂，生产成本与生产要求较高;微波与超声波辅助提取法受设备限制难以实现规模化工业生产;酶解法的提取条件比较温和，具有多糖收率高、能耗低等优点。……