山东引黄灌区水资源高效利用浅析
2021-01-05马习贺


摘 要:山东引黄灌区是山东工农业发展的重要基地,但灌区内存在水资源开发利用不平衡,超计划引用黄河水,引黄水资源浪费严重,地下水开采不合理,节水灌溉发展缓慢,无法实施充分灌溉,缺乏节水积极性等问题,如何合理利用水资源仍需进一步研究。本文分析探讨了引黄灌区水资源配置规划与利用的最优方案,提出了加强水资源信息化、科学化、现代化管理,合理选择引水时机、科学调度水资源,严格控制引水量,建立和完善科学合理的水价形成机制,提高灌区调控能力和管理水平,加强社会群众的监督参与力度等建议。
关键词:水资源;引黄灌区;灌溉;可持续发展
中图分类号:TV213 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2021)30-0065-03
Abstract: The Yellow River Irrigation Area in Shandong is an important base for industrial and agricultural development in Shandong. However, there are many problems in the irrigation area, such as unbalanced development and utilization of water resources, overplanned use of Yellow River water, serious waste of water resources, irrational exploitation of groundwater, slowly development of water-saving irrigation, underirrigation and lack of initiative in saving water. How to use water resources rationally requires further research on. The optimal plan for water resources utilization planning of the Yellow River Irrigation District is analyzed and discussed in this paper. The suggestions, such as strengthening the informationization, scientization and modernization of water resources management, rational selection of water diversion time, scientific water resources management, strict control of water diversion, establishment and perfection of scientific and reasonable water price formation mechanism, improvement of regulation and control ability and management level in irrigation area, strengthening of supervision and participation of the public are proposed.
Keywords: water resources; Yellow River irrigation area; irrigation; sustainable development
2019年9月,習近平总书记在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展座谈会上提出推进水资源节约集约利用,把水资源作为最大的刚性约束等新时代水资源管理新要求。黄河是山东引黄灌区唯一客水水源,引黄供水对山东生态、民生和经济具有十分重要的作用。山东省现有引黄灌区57处,其中200 km2以上的中型灌区32处,总设计灌溉面积约27 280.13 km2,有效灌溉面积约20 019.47 km2。引黄灌区共有干渠321条,长4 461.2 km,灌溉利用系数平均为0.4~0.6[1]。目前,山东黄河水资源利用不充分,分布不均衡,需要充分考虑地表水与地下水资源的联合高效利用,提高用水效率,健全各项制度和相应的技术支撑体系,科学完善监控手段和全面准确的信息服务,借鉴国内外水资源先进的管理经验,统筹兼顾,以满足农业、工业、生活用水需求,保障黄河流域经济健康稳定发展。……
