强制性运动疗法在脑卒中偏瘫康复治疗中的研究进展
2021-01-05刘佳倪娟皮希凤黄静
刘佳 倪娟 皮希凤 黄静
[摘要] 强制性运动疗法主要应用于偏瘫患者功能训练与康复锻炼,通过限制使用健肢,强制患肢的重复使用,以大脑的可塑性与大脑功能重组理论为基础,集中强化并在日常生活中对病人患肢加以训练,从而提高脑卒中患者运动功能与日常活动能力。对强制性运动疗法在脑卒中肢体康复中的干预方案、应用效果、测评指标以及现存的问题、与改良强制性运动的比较等进行综述,旨在增强护理人员对强制性运动疗法的认知,从而为中风和偏瘫患者康复锻炼提供部分经验和参考。
[关键词] 强制性运动疗法;脑卒中;康复锻炼;现存问题
[中图分类号] R743.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)31-0182-06
[Abstract] Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is mainly applied in functional training and rehabilitation exercise of hemiplegia patients. By limiting the use of the healthy limbs, it forces the repeated use of the affected limbs. CIMT is based on the theory of brain plasticity and brain function reorganization, and focuses on strengthening and training patients' affected limbs in daily life, so as to improve the motor function and daily activity ability of patients with cerebral apoplexy. In this paper, the intervention scheme, application effect, evaluation index and active problems of CIMT in cerebral apoplexy limb rehabilitation are reviewed, as well as its comparison with modified CIMT (MCIMT). This paper aims to enhance nursing staff's cognition of CIMT,so as to provide some experience and reference for rehabilitation exercise of patients with cerebral apoplexy and hemiplegia.
[Key words] Constraint-induced movement therapy; Cerebral apoplexy; Rehabilitation exercise; Active problems
腦卒中已经成为世界上第二大死亡原因,最常见的类型是缺血性中风[1]。由于其快速发作和复杂的条件,是导致残疾的一个重要的原因,每年中国有超过250万新发中风患者[2],增长率达到了8.7%[3]。偏瘫是中风的主要并发症,不仅大大降低了患者的生活质量,也给家庭社会带来巨大压力。研究指出,早期进行有效的康复训练能够在一定程度上促进患者神经功能的恢复,有利于卒中患者肢体功能的康复锻炼[4-5]。而在相同的时间成本下,通过治疗与护理的紧密结合,加强对患者日常行为的管理,有利于患肢功能的改善[6]。近年来随着康复训练方式的多样化发展,强制性运动疗法(Constraint-induced movement therapy,CIMT)作为一种高效的康复训练技术,其具备灵活的训练方式,简单易行的……
