吴洁芳 张丽 闫梦洁 郑晖

摘要本文采用积极心理资本量表，五因素正念水平量表为测量工具，正念训练为干预方法，将68名大一高职生随机分成被试人数对等的对照组和干预组，实施干预前后的测量，对前后收集数据进行差异性分析、相关性分析和回归分析，试图了解高职生心理资本状态及正念训练对心理资本的影响。结果发现，高职生心理资本状况属于中等水平；女生通过干预心理资本总分、韧性、希望都存在显著差异，而男生不存在统计学上的差异；在相关分析结果中，正念水平总分、观察、描述与心理资本总分、自我效能、韧性、希望、乐观存在显著正相关，觉知地行动与心理资本总分、韧性和希望存在显著正相关；通过逐步回归分析法发现，观察、描述与觉知地行动可以解释心理资本总及及其四个维度的部分变异，说明正念训练可以提高高职生的心理资本水平。

关键词 高职生 正念 心理资本

中图分类号：G444文献标识码：ADOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.13.059

An Empirical Study on the Influence of Mindfulness Training on Higher Vocational Students’ Psychological Capital

WU Jiefang， ZHANG Li， YAN Mengjie， ZHENG Hui

（Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College， Guangzhou， Guangdong 510520）

AbstractUsing positive psychological capital scale， five factor mindfulness level scale as measuring tools and mindfulness training as intervention method， 68 freshmen of higher vocational college were randomly divided into control group and intervention group with equal number of subjects. The measurement before and aftertheintervention was carried out，and the data collected before and after the intervention were analyzed by difference analysis， correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results show that the psychological capital of vocational college students belongs to the medium level； there are significant differences in the total score， resilience and hope of female students through intervention， while thereis no statistical difference in male students； inthe correlationanalysis results， the total score， observation and description of mindfulness level are significantly positively correlated with the total score of psychological capital， self-efficacy， resilience， hope and optimism， and they act consciously Through stepwise regression analysis，it is found that observation，description and conscious action can explain the variation of psychological capital and its four dimensions， and mindfulness training can improve the level of psychological capital of higher vocational students.

Keywordshigher vocational college students； mindfulness； psychological capital

2014年6月，習近平主席在全国职教工作会议上指出，要加快发展职业教育，让每位职校生都有人生出彩的机会。[1] 2019年，高职扩招写入了政府工作报告，高职扩招100万人。高职教育亟待培养德才兼备、身心健康的高职人才。

心理资本来源于积极心理学的理念，于2002年由心理学家Luhans提出，包括自我效能、乐观、希望和韧性，是个体积极、核心的心理要素。心理资本也是一种心理状态，可以测量、开发和提升。[2][3]“正念”源于佛教禅修，又有译为“心智觉知”，表现为有意识地觉察、活在当下和不做判断。……