李鑫 董致彤 曹莎 李赞

摘    要：跨项选材是竞技体育领域培养运动员的新理念和新思路，已经成为国际竞技体育领域的研究热点之一。采用文献研究法、逻辑分析法，梳理了我国竞技体育跨项选材的历程，分析了我国竞技体育跨项选材的现实问题，并提出破解思路。主要结论为：我国竞技体育跨项选材可分为萌芽期、初始期和发展期3个阶段。我国竞技体育跨项选材的现实问题是实践先行，理论研究滞后;跨项运动员选拔与培养模式较为单一，跨项选材政策与制度有待进一步完善;跨项选材经费投入不足，科技支撑较为薄弱;复合型教练员较少，青少年早期专项化训练较严重。基于此，提出破解我国竞技体育跨项选材现实问题的思路：借鉴国外有益经验，加强对跨项规律的研究;进一步完善运动员跨项选拔政策，探索多样化的跨项运动员培养模式;加大竞技体育跨项选材专项经费投入力度，进一步增加跨项选材与训练的科技含量;加强跨项选材运动项目的教练员执教经验交流、学习与相关培训，进一步提高教练员的执教水平。

关键词：竞技体育;跨项选材;历程演变;现实问题;科技支撑;国外经验

中图分类号：G 808.18          学科代码：040301           文献标识码：A

Abstract：Talent transfer is a new concept and idea of cultivating athletes in the field of competitive sports， and it has become one of hot research topics in the field of international competitive sports. Using literature research， logical analysis and other methods， this paper combed the evolution of the talent transfer of competitive sports in China， analyzed the practical problems of talent transfer of competitive sports in China， and proposed reform ideas. The main conclusion is that the talent transfer of competitive sports in China can be divided into three stages： budding stage， initial stage and development stage. The practical problem of talent transfer of competitive sports in China is practice first， and theoretical research lags behind. The mode of selection and training is comparatively single and the policy system is in need of further perfection. Talent transfer funding is insufficient and the scientific and technological support is weak. Compound coaches are scarce， and specialized training is more serious in the adolescent period. Based on this， the idea of solving the current problem of talent transfer of competitive sports in China is proposed that China should draw lessons from the beneficial experience of foreign countries， strengthen the research on the talent transfer theory; further improve the talent transfer policy of athletes， explore diversified transferred talent training models for athletes; strengthen the investment of special funds and improve the technological content of talent transfer; strengthen the talent transfer of coaches’coaching experience exchange， learning and related training in order to further improve the coaching level of coaches.

Keywords：competitive sports; talent transfer; historical evolution; realistic problems; scientific and technological support; foreign experience

運动员是竞技体育的支柱之一[1]，更是体育强国建设的关键。国际性体育赛事的多元性和复杂性决定了运动员选材是一项长期的系统性工作，某些运动项目的后备人才培养要与职业体育发展相结合[2]，所以，多元化的选材方式就应运而生了。……