胡 荟

(战略支援部队信息工程大学 洛阳 471003)

The Principal Methods and Approaches of the Law-Based Governing of the U.S. National Intelligence

Hu Hui

(Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Luoyang 471003 )

Abstract:[Purpose/Significance]As the only super power in the world, the United States possesses a large, rich and active Intelligence Community. To govern and make good use of this power, to make it a useful tool to serve the national security, the Unites States government and the congress spare no effort to create and perfect its system of national intelligence laws and regulations. They hope to govern the intelligence effectively through laws and regulations. The essay focuses on the law-based governing of the U.S. national intelligence, tries to find out its principal methods and approaches, and provides references for our related agencies.[Method/Process]By analytic hierarchy process and method of documentary study, the essay reveals the principal methods and approaches of the law-based governing of the U.S. national intelligence in four levels: legislation, law enforcement, judicature, and law-abiding. [Result/Conclusion]The study finds out that the principal methods and approaches of the law-based governing of the U.S. national intelligence are these: scientific legislation, impartial law enforcement, impartial judiciary, and total law-abiding.

Keywords:national intelligence; the intelligence system; the intelligence agencies; law-based governing; the United States

古希腊哲学家亚里士多德曾在其《政治学》中指出：“法治应包含两重意义：已成立的法律获得普遍的服从，而大家所服从的法律又应该本身是制订的良好的法律。”[1]这一定义一直被西方奉为圭臬，并深刻影响着西方的法治观。从亚里士多德的观点中我们发现，实现法治必须具备两个基本条件：拥有良法和普遍守法。在情报上也是如此，若想实现法治，则必须同时满足这两个基本条件，即情报法规本身是良法，而且情报法规得到普遍服从。为了实现这两个目标，美国情报界采取了一系列的方法和举措，不仅在立法阶段确保可以制订科学合理的法规，同时在执法和司法阶段也做到依法管理和公正司法，并且形成了高度自觉的法治文化，将守法意识灌输进了每名情报从业者的心中。这也是美国国家情报能够实现法治的奥秘之所在。

1 科学立法，确保法为良法

为了实现制订良法的目的，则在制订法规的过程中需要多方参与以确保法规反映了广大人民的意愿，确保法规内容上符合良法的标准；还需要依照合法程序制订法规，确保法规在形式上也符合良法的标准；此外，还需要依靠实践对法规不断检验并依照实践的反馈对法规进行不断修正。以美国的情报法律为例，美国人就积极践行科学立法的原则。

1.1多方参与多方参与立法，才能确保制订的法律在内容上兼顾多方利益，最大限度地减少漏洞，并令其成为集体智慧的结晶。……