Unit One

一、词汇精讲

1. wrestle vi. & vt. 努力对付或解决;摔跤

（教材原文） In wrestling with the dilemma of worldwide hunger， the United Nations set up an agency called the World Food Programme （WFP） in 1963. （P2）

【归纳拓展】

wrestle with sb. 与某人扭打成一团

wrestle with sth. = be in wrestling with sth. 努力解决某事（deal with / cope with / handle）

wrestler n.摔跤运动员

wrestling n.摔跤运动

【考点链接】

1） I spent two hours in    （wrestle） with the math problem.

2） 我的朋友都认为他们为我搞定了一切， 但我仍觉得还有很多事要解决。

My friends thought they had made things very smooth for me， but I felt there was still much to     .

3） 这个问题我折腾了好久。I        this problem for quite some time.

答案：1） wrestling 2） wrestle with 3） have been wrestling with

2. address vt. （在信封或包裹上）写明地址;向……讲话，发表演讲;处理，对付;称呼

（教材原文） Another way to help a country is through the development of private enterprise along with job training in order to address the problem of unemployment. （P3）

【归纳拓展】

address the letter to her 写信给她

address a meeting 在会议上讲话

address the issue 设法解决问题

address sb. as... 称呼某人为……

solve / settle / deal with / cope with / handle / address the problem 解决/处理问题

【考点链接】

1） The professor     （address）the conference comes from Nanjing University， who is an expert on space physics.

2） The young man，     （address） as Mr King， will attend the meeting on behalf of his boss.

答案：1） addressing 2） addressed

3. deposit n.沉积物;存款;订金;押金 vt. 使沉积;存钱

（教材原文） Once deposits of these fuels are used up， they are gone. （P14）

deposit rate 存款利率

pay a deposit / put down a deposit 交保證金

【归纳拓展】

deposit some money in the bank account 在账户上存一些钱

draw / withdraw some money from the bank account 从银行账户上取款

save / put aside / put away / set aside money 攒钱

【考点链接】

1） Rich     （deposit） of gold are found in the hills.

2） The dollars     （deposit） with banks outside the USA， the criminal then planned to flee the country.

3） 这家饭店要求所有顾客的贵重物品存放在前台。

It is required in the restaurant that all the customers        at the front desk.

答案：1） deposits 2） deposited 3） （should） deposit their valuables

4. intend v. 计划，打算，想要

（教材原文） Geldof intended the concert to raise money for hunger relief and to make the public more aware of the problem. （P16）

【归纳拓展】

（sb.） intend to do sth.

（sb.） intend sb. / sth. to do sth.

intend that-clause

（sth.） be intended to do sth.

（sth.） be intended for sb.

had intended to do sth. = intended to have done sth.

【考点链接】

1） His joke，     （intend） to amuse the audience， was greeted with a cold silence.

2） They went into the town， with the     （intend） of visiting the library.

3） 我昨天本打算去音乐会，但来了个不速之客。

I        the concert last night， but I had an unexpected visitor.

答案：1） intended 2） intention 3） had intended to go / intended to have gone to

5. set sth. / sb. doing 使某事发生;使某人开始做某事

（教材原文） This should set alarm bells ringing since the bare fact is that in order for everyone to survive， serious adjustments need to be made in worldwide development. （P14）

【归纳拓展】

set about doing / set out to do 开始做/着手处理

set aside 留出;拨出;不予考虑

set off 动身;引爆;引发

set up 创建

【考点链接】

用set的动词短语填空

1） We      to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.

2） You had better      some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.

3） The further falling of the stock market as reported today has      a fresh wave of selling.

4） Armed with the information you have gathered， you can      preparing your business plan.

答案：1） set out 2） set aside 3） set off 4） set about

6. on top of 除……之外;在……上面（方）

（教材原文） On top of this， burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide， which is harmful to the environment. （P14）

【歸纳拓展】

in addition to; on top of; besides 除了……还……

... except / except for 除了……之外其他……

apart from / aside from 两者皆可

【考点链接】

1） A new contract is in place.    （addition）， Staff will be offered a bonus scheme.

2） —Can you tell me all about the earthquake？

—Sorry， I know nothing about it    （except） I read in the newspaper.

答案：1） Additionally / In addition 2） except what

二、长难句分析

1. This is a simple idea， but one that is hard to put into practice. （P14）

one是前面的an idea的同位语， 是代词， 可等于a（n）+n.， that引导定语从句修饰代词one。要注意， 同位语所使用的冠词要与前面的名词一致， 如果前面的名词使用定冠词the， 则同位语用the one。

【归纳拓展】

one， ones， the one， the ones， that的区别：

one替代泛指的单数名词，相当于“a / an + 单数名词”

ones替代泛指的复数名词

the one替代特指的单数名词，有时可与that替换使用（尤其是有后置定语的情况下）

the ones替代特指的复数名词，有时可与those替换使用（尤其是有后置定语的情况下）

that替代特指的单数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于“the+单数可数名词/不可数名词”

【考点链接】

用适当的代词填空

1） We believe that this is only an inevitable trend， but     will prove beneficial.

2） Jack Ma， founder and executive chairman of Chinas Alibaba Group， has a $28.6 billion fortune，     making him the richest person in China.

3） President Xis visit to the UK creates a win-win situation，     both China and the UK will benefit a lot in economic and social development.

4） I have lost my umbrella; Im looking for  .

5） I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy  .

6） The umbrella you bought is cheaper than     I bought.

答案：1） one that 2） one 3） one where 4） it5） one 6） that / the one

2. The pipes have oil or water inside them， which is heated and sent to the storage tank until needed or used to produce electricity. （P15）

句中which引导非限制性定语从句， until needed的意思相当于until it is needed， 为状语从句; 不定式短语to produce electricity用作目的状语。

【考点链接】

1） When    （ask） later what the call was about， your friend always answers， “Oh， nothing really.”

2） While    （cross） the street， look out for cars passing by.

3） Dont speak until    （speak）.

4） I wont go to the party unless    （invite）.

5） Hell go to the seaside for his holiday    （如果可能的話）.

答案：1） （he is） asked 2） crossing / you cross3） （you are） spoken to 4） （Im） invited 5） if （it is） possible

3. In fact， hunger is the worlds number one health risk， killing more people than any disease. （P19）

划线部分在句中作原因状语，killing 与主语hunger 存在主动关系。

These things provide a framework for new jobs to be created， allowing people to help themselves so that they no longer need to depend on others. （P20）

划线部分在句中作结果状语，allowing 与逗号前面部分为主动关系。

【考点链接】

1） The sunlight is white and blinding，    （throw） hard-edged shadows on the ground.

2） Lionel Messi，    （set） the record for the most goals in a calendar year， is considered the most talented football player in Europe.

3） Anyone， once    （test） positive for H7N9 flu virus， will receive free medical treatment from our government.

4） Annie Salmon， disabled， is attended throughout her school days by a nurse     （appoint） to guard her.

5） Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision to be    （make） at the meeting will influence the future of our company.

6） There is a note pinned to the door     （say） when the shop will open again.

答案：1） throwing 2） having set 3） tested hearing 4） appointed 5） made 6） saying

Unit 2

一、词汇精讲

1. though adv. 但是，可是（放在句末或句中）

（教材原文） The question is， though， why are so many people retiring and spending their pensions in Florida？（P18）

【归纳拓展】

though conj. 虽然 （放在句首， 或同as用法， 把表语、状语、动词原形提到though的前面）

Though / Although he is rich， his life is not happy. 他虽然很有钱，但生活并不幸福。

→Rich as / though he is， his life is not happy.

【考点链接】

1）     his disability， he worked hard to succeed.

2） Disabled     Zhou zhou is， he needs more than sympathy.

3）     Zhou zhou is disabled， yet he needs more than sympathy.

4） Its hard work， I enjoy it，    .

答案：1） In spite of; Despite 2） as / though 3） Though / Although 4） though

2. swap v.替换;交换

（教材原文） Young mobile adults give many different reasons for swapping their home towns for big cities.（P19）

【归纳拓展】

swap （sth.） with sb. 和某人交换（某物）

exchange sth. with sb. 與某人交换某物

swap A for B把A换成B

exchange A for B把A换成B

replace A with B把A换成B

substitute A for B用A替代B;把B换成A

【考点链接】

1） She ended up     jobs with her secretary.

2） Ive offered to paint the kitchen in     for a weeks accommodation.

3） After reading the book， he     it on the shelf.

4） Gas-fired power stations will     for less efficient coal-fired equipment.

答案：1） swapping 2） exchange 3） replaced 4） substitute

3. controversial adj. 有争议的，引起争议的

（教材原文） The topic of the Romany will continue to be controversial， and the peace between them and many Europeans is tentative at best.（P31）

【归纳拓展】

confidential 机密的

consistent 一致的;始终如一的

conventional 传统的;依照惯例的

conservative 保守的

contradictory 矛盾的

considerate 体贴的

considerable 相当多/大的

【考点链接】

1） New alternative treatments can provide a useful back-up to     treatment.

2） Both sides had agreed to use neutral terms in their references to each other， avoiding     ones.

3） She accused them of leaking     information about her private life.

4） It stands to reason that if you are     and friendly to people you will get a lot more back.

答案：1） conventional 2） controversial 3） confidential 4） considerate

4. make sense 讲得通，有意义

（教材原文） “We prefer staying comfortable and thats why moving somewhere warmer makes sense，”said Edna， a 78-year-old woman living in Florida. （P18）

【归纳拓展】

the sense of sight 视觉

make sense of 理解，弄懂

in a sense 从某种意义上讲

in no sense 决不

there is no sense （in） doing sth. 做某事没意义

【考点链接】

1） The poem may not      and even seem contradictory， but they are easy to learn and recite.

2） Like bats， they send out sound waves and    their environment from the echoes they receive back.

3）      are people allowed to hunt wild animals for meat or fur.

4） All food is，     ， organic， because it has come from plants or animals.

答案：1） make sense 2） make sense of 3） In no sense 4） in a sense

5. take advantage of 利用;欺骗;占……的便宜

（教材原文） These Chinese have come back to China to take advantage of new opportunities here.（P27）

【归纳拓展】

take sth. seriously 认真对待

make the most / best of; make full use of; take full advantage of 充分利用

have the advantage of... 有……的优势

have an advantage over 比……有优势

disadvantage n.不利（条件），劣势，缺点

to sb.s disadvantage = （to the disadvantage of sb.） 对某人不利

to sb.s advantage （to the advantage of sb.） 对某人有利

at a disadvantage 处于不利地位

at an advantage 处于有利地位

【考点链接】

1） 如果你显得简单软弱，别人就会欺骗你。

If you appear to be easy and soft， people will      you.

2） 她趁孩子们不在时收拾了他们的房间。

She        the childrens absence to tidy their rooms.

3） 她的经验意味着她比她的对手有很大的优势。

Her experience meant that she        her opponent.

4） 精通电脑和英语的大学毕业生在求职时往往有优势。

Graduates with a good command of English and computer skills tend to be        when applying for jobs.

5） 学习电脑类似的课程会对你有利。

It might be        to take a computer course of some kind.

答案：1） take advantage of 2） took advantage of

3） had an advantage over 4） at an advantage 5） to your advantage

6. have prejudice against... 對……有偏见

（教材原文） It both makes us feel sympathy for them， and also make us think about why we tend to have prejudice against other people just because they have a different culture or a different way of life. （P31）

【归纳拓展】

have prejudice against...=be prejudiced against... 对……有偏见

without prejudice （to...） 无损于（某物）;（对某物）没有不利

to the prejudice of... 对……不利;有损于

【考点链接】

1） 战胜这些偏见需要假以时日。

It takes a long time to       .

2） 亚裔小学生在学校里遭遇种族歧视。

Asian pupils        at the school.

答案：1） overcome these kind of prejudices

2） complained of racial prejudice

二、长难句分析

1. Younger people might like snow and cold， but for people my age， such weather is very tough; snow can turn into ice， which is easy to slip on. （P18）

（1） 本句是一個由分号连接的并列主从复合句。第一个分句中， but连接两个并列分句;第二个分句中， which引导非限制性定语从句。

（2） 不定式短语to slip on的逻辑宾语是从句的主语which（指ice）。which is easy to slip on是一个重要句型：主语+be+adj. to do， 形容词通常为： easy， hard， difficult， comfortable， dangerous， heavy等。do和前面的主语构成动宾关系，如果动词是及物动词， 则不用被动语态， 如果是不及物动词， 要加介词。

【考点链接】

1） 这个电话号码很容易记。

The telephone number       .

2） 那个人很难对付。

That man       .

3） 这箱子运起来很重。

The box       .

答案：1） is easy to remember 2） is difficult to deal with 3） is heavy to carry

2. The Romany are thought to have first come from India. （P30）

句型：sb. / sth. be thought to do / to have done sth. / to be doing sth. 某人/某物被认为要做/做了/正在做某事。可转换为：It is thought that...

类似的句型有：sb. / sth. + be said / reported/known / considered / believed + to do sth. / to be doing sth. / to have done sth.。

The singer is said to have been to many countries.

= It is said that the singer has been to many countries.

据说那个歌手去过很多国家。

【考点链接】

1） In ancient times， Chinese people probably cooked their food in large pots，    （use） twigs to remove it.

2） 我们下午或任何你方便的时候讨论这个问题。

Lets discuss the problem this afternoon or     .

3） We will do everything we can to help anybody，       （无论他的背景如何）， to go as far as his talents will take him.

答案：1） using 2） whenever it is convenient to you 3） whatever his background

（作者：石勇，江苏省海安立发中学）