姚红 董楠楠

摘 要：全球疫情延续和贸易保护主义抬头给中国出口企业带来巨大冲击，如何高质量发展突破危机迫在眉睫。本文运用2000—2012年的工业企业数据库和海关数据库相匹配，将进口产品质量引入企业绩效理论体系中，从产业集聚视角出发，重点考察进口产品质量对出口企业成本加成之间的影响和产业集聚的调节作用。研究发现：从整体上看，进口中间品质量的提高和产业集聚度的加深均显著提高了出口企业成本加成，同时产业集聚强化了进口中间品质量对出口企业成本加成率的提升效应;此外，进口中間品质量、产业集聚对出口企业加成率还因企业所有制及要素密集度的不同有明显的差异。研究为后疫情时期扩大进口战略、强化新基础设施建设和促进制造业集聚提供了依据和借鉴意义。

关 键 词：进口中间品质量;产业集聚;出口企业成本加成;企业异质性

DOI：10.16315/j.stm.2020.04.004

中图分类号： F746.11

文献标志码： A

Impact of import intermediate quality， industrial on the cost markup of

export enterprises based on the moderating effect of industrial

YAO Hong， DONG Nannan

（Business School， Ningbo University，Ningbo 315000， China）

Abstract：The continuation of the global epidemic and the rise of trade protectionism have brought shocks to Chinese export companies. How to break through the crisis and promote the highquality development of export trade is imminent. This article uses the matching of the industrial enterprise database and the customs database from 2000 to 2012 to introduce the quality of imported products into the theoretical system of enterprise performance. From the perspective of industrial agglomeration， it focuses on the impact of the quality of imported products on the pricecost markup of export enterprises and industries， and the regulating effect of agglomeration. It is found that on the whole， the improvement of import intermediate quality and the deepening of industrial agglomeration significantly increased the export enterprises markups， while industrial agglomeration strengthened the effect of import intermediate quality on export enterprise cost markup. In addition， the import intermediate quality， industrial agglomeration rate to export enterprises are also significantly different due to differences in enterprise ownership and factor density. The research of this article provides a basis and reference for the strategy of expanding imports， strengthening new infrastructure construction and promoting manufacturing agglomeration in the postepidemic period.

Keywords：intermediate quality of imports; industrial agglomeration; pricecost markup for exporting enterprises; heterogeneity of enterprises

后疫情时期消费缩减、供应链中断和新一轮贸易保护主义的叠加，将对中国制造业产生重大影响。中间投入品贸易、生产环节分工和资源要素配置将会出新的特征。各国都在寻求拉动经济，保持就业和促进出口的对策。长期以来中国出口企业参与国际分工体系中一直处于全球价值链低端，出口产品价格不仅在国际市场低于同类其他企业，而且明显低于国内非出口企业的产品价格，存在“出口低加成率之谜”[1-2]。在我国深度融合全球经济的阶段，面对贸易保护主义的抬头，后疫情时期如何提高出口企业成本加成成为亟待解决的问题。……