资源禀赋对地区经济影响
2020-11-13马劲韬胡求光
马劲韬 胡求光



摘 要:随着改革的全面推进,自然资源在地区经济的作用得到学界越来越多的关注。文章基于2003—2017年地市级层面的面板数据,通过回归分析探究资源禀赋对经济增长、产业结构和失业率的影响,检验“资源诅咒”在中国地级市层面是否存在。结果表明:资源禀赋对经济增长的影响存在区域性差异。在资源丰裕地区的地级市,资源丰裕度的提高压制经济增长,但在资源贫乏地区的地级市,两者无显著关系;资源禀赋的提高阻碍了产业结构的优化升级;资源禀赋的提高导致失业率上升,降低地区就业水平。最后提出对策建议:推进产业结构多元化、减少对原始资源的依赖度;明确产权关系,减少政府对市场的干预;推进基础设施建设和基础教育投入。
关 键 词:资源诅咒;资源禀赋;经济增长;产业结构;失业率
DOI:10.16315/j.stm.2020.04.002
中图分类号: F207
文献标志码: A
Influence of resource endowment on regional economy:
an empirical analysis based on the “resource curse” hypothesis
MA Jintao, HU Qiuguang
(Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China)
Abstract:With the comprehensive advance of the reform, the role of natural resources in the regional economy has been paid more attention. Based on the panel data of prefecturelevel cities from 2003 to 2017, this paper explores the influence of resource endowment on economic growth, industrial structure and unemployment rate through regression analysis, and tests whether the “resource curse” exists in Chinas prefecturelevel cities. The results show that: there are regional differences in the influence of resource endowment on economic growth. In prefecturelevel cities in resourcerich regions, the improvement of resource abundance suppresses economic growth, but in resourcepoor regions, there is no significant relationship between the two; the improvement of resource endowment hinders the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure; the increase of resource endowment leads to the rise of unemployment rate and the decrease of regional employment level. Finally, this paper proposes three countermeasures and suggestions: promote the diversification of industrial structure and reduce the dependence on original resources; clear property rights, reduce government intervention in the market; promoting investment in infrastructure construction and basic education.
Keywords:resource curse; resource endowment; economic growth; industrial structure; the unemployment rate
中國经济发展正由数量和规模扩张向质量和效益提高转变,党的十九大报告指出要坚持人与自然和谐共生,高度重视生态文明建设和绿色发展,自然资源部的成立对自然资源的开发利用提出了更高的要求。我国地域辽阔,自然资源分布存在较大差异,多数资源型城市位于中部和西部地区,而这些城市的经济增长普遍落后于东部沿海城市,这就容易联想到“资源诅咒”假说。与此同时,大量研究都论证了“资源诅咒”在我国的客观性与普遍性,但学术界对此颇有争议,许多学者持反对意见,认为自然资源是地区经济发展的“福音”。……
