温艳艳 张静 朱雅琴

摘要 [目的]优化CO2超临界萃取孢子油后的破壁灵芝孢子粉残渣和破壁灵芝孢子粉中三萜类成分提取工艺以及CO2超临界萃取孢子油前后三萜类成分的含量差异。[方法]通过设计正交试验，采用紫外-可见分光光度法测量提取液的吸光度，计算提取率，根据正交数据分析，确定最佳提取方案以及含量差异。[结果]对于CO2超临界萃取灵芝孢子油后的破壁灵芝孢子粉来说，最佳提取工艺为以无水乙醇作为提取溶剂，料液比为1∶30（g∶mL），提取时间为2 h，提取温度为70 ℃，提取次数为4次时提取率最高;对于破壁灵芝孢子粉来说，最佳提取工艺为以无水乙醇为提取溶剂，料液比为1∶20，提取时间为1.5 h，提取温度为50  ℃，提取次数2次时提取率最高;且二者三萜类成分含量存在于有明显差异。[结论]该研究为进一步分析破壁灵芝孢子粉在CO2超临界萃取孢子油前后三萜类成分含量差异提供理论依据和参考。

关键词 破壁灵芝孢子粉;提取工艺优化;含量测定;方法学考察;正交试验设计;紫外-可见分光光度法

中图分类号 R284  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）19-0182-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.19.048

Abstract [Objective]To optimize the extraction process of triterpenoids from the residues of spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum and spores of Ganoderma lucidum after CO2 supercritical extraction of spore oil and the difference of triterpenoids content before and after CO2 supercritical extraction of spore oil.[Method]By designing an orthogonal experiment，the absorbance of the extract was measured by UVvis spectrophotometry，the extraction rate was calculated，and the optimal extraction scheme and content difference were determined based on the orthogonal data analysis.[Result]The best extraction process for the broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder after CO2 supercritical extraction of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil： absolute ethanol as the extraction solvent，the solidliquid ratio was 1∶30，and the extraction rate was highest when the temperature was 70  ℃ for 2 h and the number of times was 4 times.For Ganoderma lucidum spore powder，the best extraction process was： using absolute ethanol as the extraction solvent，the solidliquid ratio was 1∶20，the extraction time was 1.5 h，the extraction temperature was 50 ℃，and the extraction rate is the highest;and the content of triterpenoids in the two was significantly different.[Conclusion]The study provides a theoretical basis and reference for further analysis of the content difference of triterpenes in the broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder before and after CO2 supercritical extraction of spore oil.

Key words Broken Ganoderma lucidum spore powder;Optimization of extraction process;Content determination;Methodological investigation;Orthogonal experimental design;Ultravioletvisible spectrophotometry

基金項目 安徽省科技重大专项（17030801015）。

作者简介 温艳艳（1995—），女，安徽濉溪人，硕士研究生，研究方向：药学。*通信作者，副教授，博士，硕士生导师，从事药物制剂新技术与药物体内外分析研究。

收稿日期 2020-01-03;修回日期 2020-03-06

灵芝（Ganodermo lucidum）属于担子菌纲多孔菌科真菌，是我国名贵的传统中药材，在中国有上千年的药用历史，又名“琼珍”，被历代医药家视为滋补强壮、扶正固本的神奇珍品[1]。……