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基于拓扑优化技术的某轿车拖钩强度分析设计

2020-10-21周德生胡冬青

汽车实用技术 2020年12期

周德生 胡冬青

摘 要:为了提升汽车拖钩结构强度,根据国标GB32087-2015《轻型汽车牵引装置》的要求,在HyperMesh软件中建立某车型后拖钩强度的有限元模型。首先,利用ABAQUS/Standard求解器进行拖钩强度分析,预测结构的风险区域,同时,应用CAE拓扑优化技术对其进行优化分析和改进设计,改进后的结构满足强度分析要求。最后,对改进方案的结构进行拖钩强度试验验证,结果表明改进方案满足设计要求,从而验证了拖钩强度有限元模型的准确性,为拖钩强度分析和优化设计提供依据。

关键词:拖钩;强度;拓扑优化;改進方案

Abstract: In order to improve the strength of car towing hook, according to national standard GB32087-2015《towing devices for light-duty vehicle》, The finite element mode was built by HyperMesh software. Firstly, the strength analysis of towing hook was carried out by the ABAQUS/Standard solver module, which can be used to predict the hazard area of structure. Meanwhile, the optimization analysis and improvement designing of towing hook structure strength were used by CAE topology optimization, the improvement program shows that the result meet the strength requirement. Finally, the strength test verification of the improvement program structure was carried out, the results showed that the improvement program meet the design requirement. Thus, the accuracy of the finite element model of the towing hook strength was verified, which provided towing hook strength analysis and optimization design.

Keywords: Towing hook; Strength; Topology optimization; Improvements program

前言

拖钩是汽车上一种安全装置之一,当汽车损坏失去动力时,可以借助外力使其走出困境,因此拖钩及其安装板都应具备足够的强度[1-2]。因为拖钩使用过程中会遇到如转弯、加速、制动、过减速带等极限工况,主要受力零部件包括牵引钩、防撞梁、纵梁及牵引钩套管及加强板等。当装置中任一受力部件强度不足或结构损坏时,牵引装置将失效[2-5]。因此,为了节省开发成本、时间等资源,在概念设计阶段时须通过强度分析,并结合CAE优化技术进行优化分析改进设计,为拖钩的前期设计提供参考和指导。

本文根据国标GB32087-2015《轻型汽车牵引装置》的要求[6],在Hypermesh软件中建立某轿车后拖钩的有限元模型[7]。对轿车拖钩结构进行变形、塑性应变分析,确定拖钩结构的风险部件,并应用CAE拓扑优化技术进行分析,结合三维建模软件进行改进设计,通过多轮的优化分析和改进设计,得出螺管安装板的最佳改进结构。……

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