李云艳

摘  要：大学存在及其道德教育在于培养整全的人，以及通过教育增进受教育者的道德福祉。追名逐利下的大学也陷入了“自我异化”的危机。大学的“自我异化”使得大学遗失了道德阵地，与其存在的意义和目的相背离。大学“立德树人、育人为本”是其应有之义务与德性。因此，要对大学之德及其存在意义进行伦理省思，防止大学的“自我异化”。大学必须捍卫其“厚德载物”的道德底线。因此，大学道德教育要围绕道德实践而展开，使大学摆脱“被道德边缘化”的危机。大学的道德功能就是将外在的道德规范内化为内在的德性，以德性承载价值，以实现人的自由而全面的发展为其终极关怀，实现人对其自身生命的敬畏，为人追求和实现幸福提供道德资源。

关键词：德育;大学;自我异化;功利;终极关怀;省思

中图分类号：G641       文献标志码：A          文章编号：2096-000X（2020）21-0194-03

Abstract： The existence of universities and their moral education are aimed at cultivating holistic people and improving the moral well-being of educated people through education. The universities that have pursued fame and fortune have also fallen into the crisis of "self-alienation". The "self-alienation" of the university makes the university lose its moral position and deviate from its meaning and purpose. It is the duty and virtue of the university to establish morality and cultivate people. Therefore， it is necessary to conduct ethical reflection on the university's virtue and its significance to prevent the university from "self-alienation". The university must defend its moral bottom line. Therefore， the university morality education should revolve around the moral practice， so that the university can get rid of the crisis of "being marginalized by morality". The moral function of a university is to internalize the external moral norms into the internal moral character， to carry the value of virtue， to realize the free and comprehensive development of people as its ultimate concern， to realize people's awe of their own life， and to provide moral resources for people to pursue and realize happiness.

Keywords： moral education; university; self-alienation; utilitarian; ultimate concern; reflection

一、大學“自我异化”的道德困境

当代社会正处于急剧的变革时期，价值思维受到各种社会思潮的冲击，大学生的价值思维逐渐从理性转向功利和世俗，表现出来的是更加现实主义的价值取向。而世俗化的价值观取代了理想主义的结果就是大学生容易将手段替代目的实现人生终极目标，忽视规则价值观的引领作用，而夸大手段价值观的工具作用，最终导致人生价值目标缺少价值理性的指引。大学的道德教育功能就是将外在的道德规范内化为内在的德性，以德性承载价值，让学生找到安身立命的道德之基。……