付秉廉 姜华 李红州 朱延博

摘要：从种前准备、菌种播种、出菇前管理、出菇期管理、采收及烘干、分级及保存等方面总结了羊肚菌温室人工栽培技术要点。

关键词：羊肚菌;温室;人工栽培技;宁县

中图分类号：S625;S646.9       文献标志码：A       文章编号：1001-1463（2020）05-0077-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2020.05.020

Prospect of Gobi Agricultural Development from the Perspective of Agricultural supply-side Reform in Gansu Province

MA Lirong， LIANG Wei， ZHAO Youbiao

（Institute of Agricultural Economic and Information， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070，China）

Abstract：Agricultural supply-side structural reform is aimed at activating the internal power of the rural development of agriculture， and is more focused on quality， benefit and sustainable development. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to develop Gobi agricultural in Gansu province， which are demanding for services to develop modern agriculture， solving the need of grain and vegetables to compete for land and expand agricultural development space， solving the recycling utilization of agricultural waste and improving the agricultural ecological environment. The paper put forward the suggestions as followers aiming at existing problems in Gobi agricultural development： protruding the planning lead and optimizing the spatial layout;scientific and reasonable development of Gobi agriculture based on volume of water;strengthening support for scientific and technological innovation and foster new energy for Gobi agricultural development;giving full play to the advantages of location and brand， and promote coordinated development of the Belt and Road;strengthening the training of talents and promoting the development of Gobi Agriculture.

Key words：Gobi Agricultural;Agricultural supply-side structural reform;The Belt and Road;Gansu province;Status Quo;Prospect

羊肚菌[Morehella esculenta（L.） Pers]俗稱羊肚菜、羊蘑等，属子囊菌门、子囊菌纲、盘菌目、羊肚菌科、羊肚菌属真菌，因其菇盖表面凹凸不平，形态酷似羊肚（胃）而得名[1 - 5 ]。羊肚菌是世界著名的野生珍稀食药兼用菌类，分布在我国吉林、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、青海、新疆、江苏、四川、云南等地，香味独特，营养丰富，富含蛋白质、多糖、甲壳质、脂、硒、磷酸盐及人体必需的18种氨基酸及至少8种维生素，是国际上认可的“健康食品”之一，同时具有重要的医学价值。据《新华本草纲要》、 《中华本草》记载，羊肚菌味甘、性平，有和胃消食、化痰理气的功能，用于消化不良、痰多气短，还可以防癌抗癌、预防感冒、增加人体免疫力，具补肾、壮阳、补脑、提神的功效。因野生资源日趋匮乏，羊肚菌的人工驯化、栽培与规模栽培的前景十分广阔。我们根据宁县盘克、焦村等示范点人工栽植的经验，归纳总结出了适用于宁县地区的羊肚菌温室人工栽培技术。

羊肚菌的人工栽培一般分为种前准备、菌种播种、出菌前管理、出菌后管理、采收烘干、分级贮存6个阶段。

1   种前准备

1.1   地块选择

羊肚菌是一类喜湿低温的菌类，喜生长于pH为6.5～7.5的微碱土壤中。整个生长期湿度主要靠浇水解决，因此，选择种植地块必须首先考虑靠近水源，且水质无污染，能充足供应。……