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旱地小麦秸秆机械化全量粉碎翻压还田技术规程

2020-09-21张平良刘晓伟曾骏李城德黄勇郭天文李锦龙邓明瑞

甘肃农业科技 2020年5期

张平良 刘晓伟 曾骏 李城德 黄勇 郭天文 李锦龙 邓明瑞

摘要:从范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、秸秆还田作业前准备、小麦秸秆机械粉碎覆盖作业、秸秆翻压还田作业、病虫害防治、注意事项等方面规范了旱地小麦秸秆机械化全量粉碎翻压还田技术规程。

关键词:旱地;小麦;秸秆全量粉碎;翻压还田;技术规程

中图分类号:S512.1     文献标志码:B     文章编号:1001-1463(2020)05-0066-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2020.05.017

Review and Prospect of Arginine Kinase in Insects

WEI Yuhong, YUAN Weining ,  ZHANG Xinrui

(1. Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China; 2.  Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Tianshui, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianshui Gansu 741200, China)

Abstract:In order to control agricultural pests and pest resistance development, the exploring of new insecticidal target sites is importantly necessary. Arginine kinase is a key functional enzyme relate to energy metabolism of insects, flight activities, identifying host, digestion, the growth and development, etc, as well, because of its exist in invertebrates merely, Arginine kinase becomes a famous pest control target. Thus, This study summarized the arginine kinase molecular and crystal structure characteristics, distribution and activity and, influences of environmental factors, regulator of arginine kinase, application in pest control and the application prospect, so as to make a steppingstone to the future study and new pesticide development with arginine kinase.

Key words:Arginine Kinase;Sstructure traits;Inhibitors;Pest control

小麦秸秆富含氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和有机质等,是一种重要的有机肥料资源[1 - 3 ]。通过秸秆还田,能有效加速生土熟化,促进土壤中微生物的活性和养分的分解利用,改善土壤团粒结构,降低土壤容重,增加孔隙度,增强通透性,增加有机质及养分含量,减少土壤水分蒸发,涵养土壤水分,提高了土壤蓄水保肥能力,为作物根系生长营造良好的土壤环境,有利于作物生长,具有明显的增产增收效果[4 - 7 ];同时可避免秸秆焚烧造成的环境污染,对减少碳排放、降低大气污染,保护生态环境具有重要意义。秸秆还田可分为直接还田和间接还田,直接还田又分为覆盖、粉碎翻压还田,间接还田分为堆沤和过腹,直接还田具有快速、快捷、成本低等特点,是当前秸秆资源利用的主要途径之一[8 - 9 ]。覆盖还田虽然可以减少土壤的水分蒸发,蓄水、保水和增产效果明显,但是秸秆腐解速度较慢,容易与作物争氮以及诱发病害,且影响作物生长。秸秆粉碎翻压還田是利用机械将秸秆粉碎后直接翻压在土壤里,翻压深度一般在20 cm以上,秸秆腐解速度快,秸秆的营养物质充分保留在土壤里,是最有效的一种秸秆翻压还田方式[9 - 11 ]。……

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