赵贵宾 刘广才 李博文

摘要：从范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义以及选地整地、土壤处理、配方施肥、地膜选择、种子准备、起垄、覆膜等播前准备，播种期、播种规格、种植密度以及播种方式等播种环节，苗期管理、追肥、防除杂草以及病虫害防治等田间管理，收获与青贮，残膜回收等方面制定了甘肃省旱地青贮玉米优质高产栽培技术规程。

关键词：旱地;青贮玉米;栽培技术;规程;甘肃省

中图分类号：S513         文献标志码：A          文章编号：1001-1463（2020）05-0061-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2020.05.016

Analysis on Current Situation and Countermeasure of Industrialization of Characteristic Agriculture in Gansu Province

BAI Helan 1， ZHANG Ji 2， ZHANG Dongwei 1， MA Xiaoli 1， REN Hui 1

（1. Institute of Agricultural Economy and Information， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China; 2. Research Institute of New Rural Development， Northwest Normal University， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract：The industrialization of characteristic agriculture is the main content and development trend of modern agriculture. It is also an important measure of poverty alleviation development，benefiting farmers and the implementation of the strategy of Rural Revitalization in rural areas in the new era. Based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of the development of characteristic agriculture industrialization in Gansu Province， some countermeasures are put forward， such as strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure and consolidate the foundation of agricultural development， perfecting the organizational system of agricultural industry and give birth to internal development momentum， building a modern agricultural industry technology system and promote the transformation and application of achievements， improving the system of land transfer and financial investment and insurance services to meet the needs of agricultural operations， improving the quality standards and supervision system to create a strong brand advantage.

Key words：Gansu;Characteristic agriculture;Industrialization;Industry distribution;Countermeasure

青貯玉米是指在适宜收获期内收获包括果穗在内的地上全部绿色植株，并经切碎、加工，适宜用青贮发酵的方法来制作青贮饲料以饲喂牛、羊等为主的草食牲畜的一类玉米[1 - 3 ]。与一般（籽粒）玉米相比，玉米青贮具有生物产量高、营养丰富、气味芳香、柔软多汁、适口性好、消化率较高等特点 [4 - 6 ]。青贮玉米是世界上畜牧业发达国家的重要饲料来源，欧洲农牧发达国家广泛种植青贮玉米，其青贮玉米种植面积占玉米种植面积的40%以上[7 ]。当前，我国籽粒玉米生产过剩和优质饲草料供给不足的矛盾已经引起了国家的高度重视，预计我国青贮玉米种植面积在2030年可达到6 666.67 hm2，占玉米种植面积的20%[8 ]。目前甘肃省青贮玉米种植面积接近5.33万hm2，青贮玉米较籽粒玉米增收9 000～12 000元/hm2，种植效益好，对打造牛羊全产业链意义重大。为了在甘肃旱作区发展青贮玉米产业，实施粮改饲工程，推动种养业提质增效和甘肃省牛羊扶贫产业发展，甘肃省农业技术推广总站在连续多年试验的基础上[9 - 15 ]，特制定甘肃省地方标准《旱地青贮玉米优质高产栽培技术规程》。……