赵刚 樊廷录 党翼 李尚中 张建军 李兴茂 王磊 王淑英 程万莉 倪胜利

摘要：陇东地区地处西北黄土高原腹地，为典型雨养农业区，冬小麦生产在粮食生产中占有重要位置。该地区降水集中在7 — 9月，季节性干旱频发，冬小麦最大需水期降水满足率仅为29.31%;生育期间整体气温变暖，但12月至次年2月和4月气温变化剧烈，在冬小麦生育期提前的情况下易形成冻害。在分析陇东地区寒旱特征及冬小麦受灾成因的基础上，根据当地气候和降水特征，提出生物主动御旱御寒与覆盖保墒增温抗旱抗寒技术模式，即选育出抗旱耐寒冬小麦新品种，配套抗旱耐寒栽培技术，以保证区域冬小麦生产安全。

关键词：寒旱农业特征;陇东地区;冬小麦;抗寒旱栽培

中图分类号：S512.1           文献标志码：A           文章编号：1001-1463（2020）05-0056-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2020.05.015

Characteristics of Cold and Dry Agriculture and Cultivation Measures Cold and Dry Resistance in Winter Wheat of East Gansu

ZHAO Gang 1， FAN Tinglu 2， DANG Yi 1， LI Shangzhong 1， ZHANG Jianjun 1， LI Xingmao 1， WANG Lei 1， WANG Shuying 1， CHENG Wanli 1， NI Shengli 1

（1. Institute of Dryland， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China; 2. Science and Technology Management Department，Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract：East Gansu province is located in the northwest loess plateau hinterland， for typical rainfed agricultural region， winter wheat production occupies an important position in grain production in this area. Precipitation in East Gansu province is concentrated in Jul-Sept， and seasonal drought occurs frequently. The precipitation satisfaction rate of winter wheat during the maximum water demand period was only 29.31%. The overall temperature was warm of winter wheat growth， but the temperature changed dramatically from Dec. to Feb. and Apr. of the following year， under the condition that the growth period of winter wheat is advanced， frost damage is formed. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of cold and drought and the causes of winter wheat disaster in East Gansu province， according to the local climate and precipitation characteristics， puts forward the technical model of biological active drought-resistant and cold-resistant technology， that is， breeding new drought-resistant and cold-resistant winter wheat varieties and supporting drought-resistant and cold-resistant cultivation technology， so as to ensure the safety of regional winter wheat production.

Key words：Characteristics of cold and dry agriculture;East Gansu;Winter wheat;Cultivation cold and dry resistance

甘肃东部地区地处黄土高原西北半湿润至半干旱地区，该区海拔高，降水时空分布不均、昼夜温差大，为典型的西北寒旱地区，生态环境和农业生产对气象变化的依赖性强，全球气候变暖使得黄土高原温度升高，气候趋于暖干化[1 ]。气温升高使冬小麦生育期缩短，越冬期推迟并缩短[2 ]，各生育期提前[3 ]，入冬前气温骤降冻害与春季倒春寒霜冻害风险增加，尤其是春季拔节以后生长加快，如遇到低温很容易受到凍害[4 ]。冬小麦生育期需水与降水时空错位，生育期降水180～330 mm，干旱发生频率高，持续时间长，对冬小麦产量影响非常大[5 ]。因此，干旱、寒冷是威胁冬小麦生产主要限制因子，也是导致冬小麦产量低而不稳的主要因素，如何提高冬小麦抗旱防寒栽培技术，对保证作物高产稳产和维护地区粮食安全具有重要意义。……