APP下载

5种生物源农药对梨树腐烂病菌的室内毒力测定

2020-09-21蒋晶晶周昭旭杜蕙

甘肃农业科技 2020年5期

蒋晶晶 周昭旭 杜蕙

摘要:采用生长速率法测定了5种生物源农药对梨树腐烂病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果。结果表明,除10%烟碱水剂外,其他4种生物源农药对梨树腐烂病菌均具有显著的抑制作用。当0.3%丁子香酚可溶液剂、0.3%苦参碱乳油、0.4%蛇床子素可溶液剂、0.5%小檗碱水剂质量浓度分别为0.500 00、2.500 00、2.500 00、5.000 00 μg/mL时,其对梨树腐烂病菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为94.9%、98.9%、94.5%和96.9%,EC50分别为0.083 0、0.144 9、0.233 9、0.268 7 μg/mL;10%烟碱水剂的室内毒力最差,EC50为6 344.617 0 μg/mL。综上所述,0.3%丁子香酚可溶液剂、0.3%苦参碱乳油、0.4%蛇床子素可溶液剂、0.5%小檗碱水剂对梨树腐烂病室内毒力较好。

关键词:梨树腐烂病菌;生物源农药;毒力测定;生长速率法

中图分类号:S476        文献标志码:A        文章编号:1001-1463(2020)05-0025-05

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2020.05.007

Toxicity Determination of Five Biological Source Pesticides Against Valsa mali var. pyri

JIANG Jingjing 1,2, ZHOU Zhaoxu 1,2, DU Hui 1,2

(1. Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China;       2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Tianshui, Ministry of Agriculture, Gangu  Gansu 741299, China)

Abstract:In this study, the inhibitory effects of five different biological source pesticide on mycelial growth by the method of mycelial growth rate. The results showed that except for 10% nicotine AS were the lowest toxic, four kinds of biological source pesticide had siginificant inhibitory effects on the growth of Valsa mali var. pyri. when the mass concentration of eugenol 0.3% SL, matrine 0.3% EC, osthole 0.4% SL, berberine 0.5% AS were 0.500 00, 2.500 00, 2.500 00 and 5.000 00 μg/mL, the inhibitation rate on mycelial growth were 94.9%、98.9%, 94.5% and 96.9%, and the EC50 values were 0.083 0、 0.144 9、0.233 9、0.268 7 μg/mL respectively. Nicotine 10% AS were the lowest toxic, EC50 values were 6 344.617 0 μg/mL. In summary, among the five kinds of biological source pesticide, eugenol 0.3% SL, matrine 0.3% EC, osthole 0.4% SL, berberine 0.5% AS had good inhibitory effects.

Key words:Valsa mali var. pyri;Biological source pesticide;Toxicity measurement;Growth rate method

梨树腐烂病由黑腐皮壳菌梨变种(Valsa mali var. pyri)引起,是梨樹生产上危害最严重的病害之一[1 ]。该病主要危害梨树的主干、主枝和侧枝,轻时造成树皮组织腐烂坏死、树势衰弱、果实品质和产量下降,严重时引起整树枯死,被果农称之为果树“癌症”。目前,该病在我国主要梨产区(新疆、西北、华北等地区最为严重)均有发生,发病率达55.4%[2 ]。其中甘肃省梨树腐烂病发病率高达62%,已成为严重制约全省梨果产业健康发展的主要障碍之一 [3 ]。

目前化学防治仍是防治梨树腐烂病的重要手段,但化学杀菌剂的大量高强度使用,导致了腐烂病菌对福美胂、石硫合剂等多种化学杀菌剂产生了抗药性[4 - 5 ],并造成农药残留等问题,对人类健康、生态环境造成一定的威胁[6 ]。为了梨树产业的可持续发展,急需寻找安全有效,毒副作用小且对环境安全的杀菌剂。……

登录APP查看全文