朱建强 路宏中 马静 潘艳花

摘要：采用“3414”试验设计，研究了制种紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应及推荐施肥量。结果表明，在干旱盐碱条件下，随着施肥量的增加，紫花苜蓿种子产量亦逐渐提高，施氮增产0.84%～17.37%，施磷增产51.38%～59.63%，施钾增产-0.58%～1.3%。与无肥处理相比，所有处理均增产，增产率在11%～79%。氮钾和磷钾互作效应降低紫花苜蓿种子产量，而氮、磷互作效应提高紫花苜蓿种子产量。与产量最高的中磷处理相比，缺氮、缺磷和缺钾处理的相对产量分别为85.2%、62.64%和98.56%。结合肥料效应函数法和养分丰缺指标法，得出河西走廊干旱盐碱条件下制种紫花苜蓿推荐年施氮（N）、磷（P2O5）和钾（K2O）的量分别为100、190、60 kg/hm2。

关键词：种子生产;紫花苜蓿;施肥量

中图分类号：S565.4       文献标志码：A       文章编号：1001-1463（2020）05-0008-07

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2020.05.003

Effects of N，P and K Fertilizers on Yield of Alfalfa Seed in

Jiuquan City

ZHU Jianqiang， LU Hongzhong， MA Jing， PAN Yanhua

（Jiuquan Institute of Agricultural Technology Extension Center， Jiuquan Gansu 735000， China）

Abstract：The field experiment which used 3414 balance application design was carried out to study the effects of alfalfa seed production on N， P and K fertilizer and recommended fertilizer amount. The results showed that under the conditions of drought and salinity， nitrogen application the seed yield of alfalfa by 0.84%～17.37%， phosphorus application increased the yield by 51.38%～59.63%， and potassium application increased the seed yield of alfalfa by -0.58%～1.3%. Compared with no-fertilizer treatment， the yield of all treatments was increased， and the seed yield increased rate was between 11% and 79%.The interaction between N-K k and P-K decreased the seed yield of alfalfa， while the interaction between N and P increased the seed yield of alfalfa. Compared to the highest yield medium phosphorus treatment， the relative yields of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium deficiency treatments were 85.2%， 62.64% and 98.56%， respectively.Combined with fertilizer effect function method and nutrient abundance index method， It concluded that the recommended annual application of nitrogen （N）， phosphorus （P2O5） and potassium （K2O） is 100， 190 and 60 kg/hm2 respectively.

Key words：Seed production;Alfalfa;Fertilizing amount

紫花苜蓿是一種优质高产的饲草，素有“牧草之王”的美称。在当前我国农业供给侧结构性改革、振兴农村经济的背景下，牧草产业的发展对我国启动实施“振兴奶业苜蓿发展行动”具有极其重要的意义[1 ]，苜蓿种子的需求量也将随着苜蓿种植面积的扩大而进一步加大。与美国等发达国家相比，我国制种苜蓿种子产量较低[2 ]，施肥不科学是其重要原因之一[1 - 3 ]。前人的大量研究表明，N、P、K肥是影响紫花苜蓿种子生产的重要原因，对种子的产量影响极大[4 - 7 ]。酒泉市地处河西走廊西端，气候干燥，光热资源丰富，是适宜的紫花苜蓿种子生产区域，制种苜蓿产业发展潜力很大[8 ]。由于对制种苜蓿施肥研究不足，酒泉乃至河西走廊苜蓿种子生产中盲目施肥、过量施肥、不合理施肥的现象普遍存在，施肥缺乏试验依据[5， 9 ]。……