吴科生 车宗贤 卢秉林 张久东 杨蕊菊

摘要：研究了不同颜色和厚度的塑料薄膜覆盖对玉米生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明，绿洲灌区风沙土覆盖薄膜厚度为0.012 mm时，以覆盖黑色地膜的玉米折合产量最高，为15 583.3 kg/hm2;覆盖白色地膜的折合产量次之，为15 375.0 kg/hm2;覆盖蓝色地膜时，玉米前期生长较快，但折合产量较覆盖白色地膜下降。且薄膜厚度为0.012 mm时有利于废旧薄膜的回收利用。白色地膜随着厚度的增加，玉米产量呈逐渐增大的趋势，覆盖薄膜厚度超过0.012 mm时，玉米产量反而随薄膜厚度的增加而降低。

关键词：玉米;薄膜覆盖;风沙土;生长发育;产量

中图分类号：S513        文献标志码：A         文章编号：1001-1463（2020）05-0004-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2020.05.002

Effects of Film Color and Thickness on Corn Growth and Yield

WU Kesheng 1， 2， CHE Zongxian 1， 2， LU Binglin 1， 2， ZHANG Jiudong 1， 2， YANG Ruiju 1， 2

（1. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture， Gansu Academy of Agriculture Science， Lanzhou Gansu 730070，China; 2. Gansu Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agri-Environment and Arable Land Conservation， Ministry of Agriculture， Wuwei Gansu 733017， China）

Abstract：The effects of different color and thickness of plastic film mulch on corn growth and yield were studied. The results showed that when the thickness of Aeolian soil of Oasis Irrigated Area was 0.012 mm， the highest corn yield was the check covered with black plastic film， was 15 583.3 kg/hm2; followed by the covered with white plastic film， was 15 375.0 kg/hm2. When covered with blue film， the early growth of corn was faster， but the yield reduced when the film was covered with white film， and the film thickness was 0.012 mm， which was conducive to the recycling of waste film. With the increase of the thickness of the white mulch， the yield of corn was gradually increased. When the film thickness was more than 0.012 mm， corn yield decreased with the increase of film thickness.

Key words：Corn;Film mulch;Aeolian sandy soil;Growth and development;Yield

地膜覆盖是干旱地区作物增产增效的主要手段之一，在增温抗旱、保墒蓄水、防治杂草等方面发挥着重要作用[1 - 2 ]，特别在河西绿洲灌区的风沙土农业生产中显得更为重要。风沙土有机质含量低，保墒蓄水能力差，河西绿洲灌区早春风大风频，没有地膜覆盖时播种后很容易使土壤水分快速流失，极大地影响作物出苗，造成作物大幅度减产。然而，随着地膜覆盖范围、面积和使用量的不断增加，残留在土壤中的废旧残膜给农业生产和环境带来了严重的危害[3 - 4 ]。据统计，过去30 a大约2 000万t地膜已经被投入使用，200万t的残膜被遗留在土壤中，在我国主要覆膜区域的平均地膜残留量为50～260 kg/hm2 [5 ]。残膜大量存在将破坏土壤结构，降低土壤肥力，影响作物的生长发育，造成農作物减产[6 - 7 ]。

有研究表明，增加地膜厚度对作物有一定的增产作用，且能显著降低地膜残留强度，同等条件下，地膜越薄，越易老化破碎，回收越困难，导致残留强度越大[8 ]。……