遥感法与稳态工况法尾气排放对比研究
2020-09-10张聪徐宇涵
张聪 徐宇涵









摘要:对100辆点燃式发动机在用汽油车进行遥感法和稳态工况法尾气排放对比实验。结果表明,三次遥感超标车辆遥感平均值与该车稳态工况值有线性关系。通过对稳态工况值(y)对遥感三次超标平均值(x)进行拟合分析,得到CO的拟合方程为y=-2.376x+1.028,NO的拟合方程为y=0.203x+0.794。两种方法建立的统一关系,对机动车污染有效控制和管理提供理论依据和数据支持。
Abstract: A comparison experiment of exhaust emission between remote sensing method and steady-state operating method was carried out on 100 gasoline engines in use. The results show that the remote sensing average value of the three remote sensing over-standard vehicles has a linear relationship with the vehicle's steady-state operating value. By fitting the steady-state operating value (y) to the remote sensing average of three over-standards (x), the fitting equation of CO is y=-2.376x+1.028, and the fitting equation of NO is y=0.203x+ 0.794. The unified relationship established by the two methods provides theoretical basis and data support for the effective control and management of motor vehicle pollution.
关键词:遥感值;稳态工况法;机动车;尾气污染
Key words: remote sensing value;steady-state working method;motor vehicle;exhaust pollution
0 引言
近年来,全国机動车保有量迅猛增长,到2017年的时候,全国机动车保有量达到3.10亿辆,汽车保有量达到2.17亿辆[1]。根据相关机构的数据表明:在2017年全国机动车四项污染物总排放量初步核算为4359.7万吨,其中CO为3327.3万吨,HC为407.1万吨,NOx为574.3万吨,PM为50.9万吨,汽车尾气排放的CO和HC占大气污染该类别污染物排放的80%以上,NOx和PM占比更是超过90%[2]。由此可见机动车尾气成为城市空气质量安全的重要威胁[3],机动车尾气排放污染物主要成分为CO、NO、HC和成分复杂的颗粒物,对人体的危害尤其严重[4]。
目前国内常用的点燃式在用机动车尾气检测方法包括遥感和稳态工况法等测试方法[5],遥感法目前能在0.7秒内检测出机动车排放污染物,检测效率高,不需要大的检测场地,但是测试结果的重复性和精度较差。稳态工况法在车辆定期年审的时候采用,检测精度和可重复性较好,但是检测过程较为麻烦,不能动态监测机动车日常排放。由此可见,探索两种方法测试数值的内在联系,对城市机动车污染防治具有重大意义[6]。……
