徐宏宇

摘 要：[目的/意义]循证决策是近年来欧美等发达国家在政府决策中倡导的一种做法，强调需要用理性的决策来替代意愿驱动的政策制定趋势，是建立在经过严格检验而确立的客观证据之上的。通过循证决策提高决策质量，并不是证据本身能够制定好的政策，而是它能够为政策制定者提供潜在选择和解决方法的知识基础。[方法/过程]除了理清循证决策的发展脉络外，首先需要搞清楚何为证据，以及证据与情报学常用的一些基本概念之间的关系，梳理证据与决策间的关联，进一步通过案例分析政府机构和行政部门如何使用证据服务科技决策。[结果/结论]证据在某些方面与情报有类似指出，其基础仍然是信息、数据和知识，在将信息作为证据进入决策或行动的过程中，信息就转变为证据，这与情报进入决策而发生的转变是类似的。

关键词：循证决策;证据;科技决策;情报

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2020.09.010

〔中图分类号〕G250.2 〔文献标识码〕A 〔文章编号〕1008-0821（2020）09-0090-06

On Application of Evidence in Science and Technology Decision Making

Xu Hongyu

（Shanghai Library/The Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of Shanghai，Shanghai 200031，China）

Abstract：[Purpose/Significance]Evidence-based decision-making is a practice advocated in government decision-making by developed countries such as Europe and the United States in recent years.It emphasizes the scientific and technological policy-making trends based on rational decision-making.To improve the quality of decision-making，it is not the evidence itself can make good policies，but that it can provide policy makers with a knowledge base of potential choices and solutions.[Method/Process]In addition to development history of evidence-based decision-making，we first needed to understand what evidence was，and the relationship between evidence and some basic concepts commonly used in information science，sorted out the relationship between evidence and decision-making，and further analyzed how to use evidence serving for decision making.[Result/Conclusion]Evidence is similar to intelligence in some respects.It is pointed out that its basis is still information，data and knowledge.In the process of using information as evidence into decision-making or action，information is transformed into evidence.This is the same as the transformation of intelligence into decision-making.

Key words：evidence-based policy making;evidence;science and technology decision making;intelligence

新一轮经济技术革命正在全球酝酿生产方式的重大革新，在这样的形势下，一个国家和地方的公共决策不仅仅需要政治、经济、社会等方面的知识，而且越来越强烈地需要专业科学技术的知识和智慧。在2016年的全国科技创新大会、两院院士大会、中国科协第九次全国代表大会上，习近平总书记提出“要加快推进重大科技决策制度化，解决好实际存在的部门领导拍脑袋、科技专家看眼色行事等问题[1]。”这其实正是强调需要用理性的决策来替代意愿驱动的政策制定趋势。……