显示终端对夜航视觉影响综合评价
2020-09-01李建民黄加伟杨淙喜李彬胡甚平
李建民 黄加伟 杨淙喜 李彬 胡甚平



摘要:为引起航海设备制造商对显示终端影响驾驶员视觉问题的重视并推动技术革新,合理布局显示终端,采用改进德尔菲法向航海领域专家进行咨询,基于调研数据对所有显示终端影响驾驶员视觉的因素进行权重排序,确定影响程度大小。为降低显示终端对夜航视觉的影响并在今后有针对性地处理所出现的问题,提出灰色综合评价的方法体系并进行实船验证。研究表明:影响视觉的因素中眩光所占权重最大,其次是舷窗反射;影响光源主要是设备显示终端;利用灰色综合评价可以对显示终端的影响进行有效、客观的评价。
关键词: 显示终端; 视觉功效; 视觉心理; 层次分析法; 灰色综合评价
中图分类号: U663.81 文献标志码: A
Comprehensive evaluation of effects of navigation
equipment display terminals on night vision
LI Jianmin1, HUANG Jiawei1, YANG Congxi1, LI Bin1, HU Shenping2
(1.Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China;
2.Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)
Abstract: To arouse the attention of the manufacturers of navigation equipments to the problem of display terminals affecting drivers vision, to promote the technical innovation, and to achieve the reasonable layout of display terminals, the improved Delphi method is used to consult the experts in navigation field, and the weights of all factors affecting drivers vision are sorted based on the survey data to determine the degree of influence. To reduce the effect of display terminals on night vision and deal with the problems in the future, a grey comprehensive evaluation method system is proposed and verified by ships. The study shows that: the glare has the largest weight in the factors affecting vision, followed by the porthole reflection; the main influence light source is the equipment display terminal; the grey comprehensive evaluation can effectively and objectively evaluate the effect of display terminals.
Key words: display terminal; visual performance; visual psychology; analytic hierarchy process; grey comprehensive evaluation
0 引 言
導航、助航设备是保证船舶航行安全的重要手段,显示终端是设备人机互动的主要途径。伴随船舶智能化、信息化程度的加深,船舶驾驶台内各种设备数量与日俱增。导航、助航信息的有效性、可信性、延时性和完善性一直备受关注,国际海事组织(IMO)海上安全委员会在2018年5月16日至25日召开的第99次会议上通过《经修订的综合导航系统(INS)性能标准》(MSC.252(83)决议)修正案[1]。光对航行安全的影响问题由来已久,国内外学者在外部环境背景灯光、船舶信号灯光和航标灯光对航行安全的影响方面取得了大量研究成果[2-3]。显示终端在提供人机界面的同时,在夜航条件下对航行安全的影响同样不容忽视[4]。……
