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船舶用太阳能取水管性能测试实验研究

2020-09-01赵惠忠吴天浩王朝阳李倩文张敏

上海海事大学学报 2020年2期

赵惠忠 吴天浩 王朝阳 李倩文 张敏

摘要:为提供一种船用淡水问题的潜在解决方案,本实验利用13X、3A和5A型等3种不同沸石分子筛吸附剂吸附空气中的水蒸气,并利用太阳能获取液态淡水供船舶使用。通过对制作的太阳能取水管(solar watering tube,SWT)性能测试可得出以下结论:在全日辐射量为20.1 MJ/m2和16.7 MJ/m2时,13X、3A和5A型吸附剂吸附床温度最高分别为178.2 ℃、180.1 ℃和217.7 ℃,均达到脱附温度要求。在自然对流风冷式冷凝器中,13X、3A和5A型SWT最高冷凝温度分别为27.8 ℃、33.2 ℃和31.9 ℃,均满足冷凝要求;3种吸附剂制备的SWT利用太阳能吸附法可分别从空气中取淡水57.8 g、39.2 g和44.0 g,有潜在的解决船用淡水的前景。

关键词: 太阳能取水管(SWT); 分子筛吸附剂; 全日辐射量; 取水量

中图分类号: U664.5+9;TK519    文献标志码: A

Experimental study of performance test for solar watering

tube used in ships

ZHAO Huizhong1, WU Tianhao1, WANG Zhaoyang1, LI Qianwen1, ZHANG Min2

(1. Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China;

2. College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China)

Abstract: In order to provide a potential solution to the problem of ship fresh water, this experiment uses three different zeolite adsorbents, 13X, 3A and 5A, to absorb water vapor in the air, and uses solar energy to obtain liquid fresh water for ship use. These following conclusions can be drawn by testing the performance of the solar watering tube (SWT): under the conditions of the full-day radiation being 20.1 MJ/m2 and 16.7 MJ/m2, the maximum temperatures of the adsorption beds of 13X, 3A and 5A adsorbents are 178.2 ℃, 180.1 ℃ and 217.7 ℃, respectively, which meet the desorption temperature requirements. In the natural convection air-cooled condenser, the highest condensation temperatures of 13X, 3A and 5A SWTs are 27.8 ℃, 33.2 ℃ and 31.9 ℃, respectively, which meet the condensation requirements; fresh water 57.8 g, 39.2 g and 44.0 g can be obtained from air by SWTs with three different adsorbents, which has the potential to solve the problem of ship fresh water.

Key words: solar watering tube (SWT); zeolite adsorbent; full-day radiation; water-obtained quantity

0 引 言

船舶在航行过程中,通常无法由自然界直接获得淡水,因此船舶的淡水获取是船舶航行需要解决的非常重要的问题之一。船舶取水方式目前主要有以下几种:利用船舶余热取水、利用太阳能蒸馏取水、利用渗透膜进行海水淡化取水。许红[1]在蒸馏海水技术基础上,设计了一种适用于中小型船舶的海水淡化装置,利用柴油机余热蒸发海水并使其冷凝,获得淡水蒸发器和冷凝器的有效传热面积分别为2.42 m2和0.566 m2;郑青榕等[2]利用船舶余热驱动以硅胶为吸附剂的吸附式取水系统,得出在典型航线上大气的平均相对湿度均大于70%,船舶的晃动和振动不影响硅胶及其与氯化钙的复合吸附剂吸附性能的结论;裴晓斌[3]设计了船舶低溫单效蒸馏海……

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