刘悦　史文琦　曾凡松　刘美玲　陈婷婷　黄振余　薛敏峰　向礼波　龚双军　杨立军　喻大昭

摘要 为探索生物炭对小麦赤霉病的防治效果和对产量的影响，设置小麦播种前、返青拔节期单施或两个时期均施生物炭处理，在小麦分蘖期人工接种病麦粒，在抽穗扬花期采用孢子捕捉器对穗层空气中的赤霉病菌孢子数量进行动态监测，并在乳熟期调查各处理的病穗率和病情指数，成熟期测定各处理的理论产量、实际产量和籽粒中脱氧镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol，DON）毒素的含量。结果表明，施用生物炭后穗层赤霉病菌孢子的数量显著降低，赤霉病病情指数降低，且以基施和返青拔节期追施13 500 kg/hm2生物炭的处理最优;施用生物炭后小麦千粒重和株高均显著增加（P<0.05），其中基施和追施13 500 kg/hm2生物炭的处理较对照处理增产29.5%（P<0.05）。

关键词 小麦赤霉病; 生物炭; 防效; 产量

中图分类号： S 435.121.45

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019506

Effect of biochar on controlling wheat Fusarium head blight and yield

LIU Yue1，2， SHI Wenqi1， ZENG Fansong1， LIU Meiling1， CHENG Tingting1， HUANG Zhenyu3，

XUE Minfeng1， XIANG Libo1， GONG Shuangjun1， YANG Lijun1*， YU Dazhao1*

（1. Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer， Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Key Laboratory of

Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Hubei Key

Laboratory of Crop Disease， Insect Pests and Weeds Control， Wuhan 430064， China; 2. Huazhong

Agricultural University， Wuhan 430071， China; 3. Agricultural Technology Service Center

of Shipai Town， Zhongxiang City， Hubei Province， Zhongxiang 431922， China）

Abstract

In order to explore the effect of biochar on Fusarium head blight （FHB）， treatments of biochar at different growing stages are designed， including application of biochar either before sowing， or at green-turning and jointing stage， and both. During the tillering stage of wheat， all above treatments field were inoculated with grains containing FHB pathogen. During heading and flowering stage， spore in the air at panicle layer height were monitored with spore trappers. The disease rate of ear and disease index of each treatment were investigated at the milk ripening stage. Theoretical yield， actual yield and DON toxin content in grains of all treatments were analyzed at maturity stage. The results showed that application of biochar could both significantly reduce occurrence of FHB and number of Fusarium spores at panicle layer. Application of biochar could significantly increase 1 000-grain weight and plant height（P<0.05）. The best treatment for the yield is 13 500 kg/hm2 at both sowing and jointing stage， which showed 29.5% higher yield than that of control treatment （P<0.05）.

Key words

Fusarium head blight; biochar; control effect; yield

赤霉病是我國小麦生产上的重要病害之一，在长江中下游麦区危害严重[1-2]，严重影响小麦的产量和品质，威胁人畜健康[3-4]。生产上抗赤霉病的品种相对缺乏[5]，化学农药的施用仍是当前防治赤霉病的主要手段[6]。然而长期施用化学药剂，易造成病原菌抗药性上升、防效下降，如江苏、安徽等省因赤霉病菌对多菌灵产生了较大比例的抗性，已逐渐限制多菌灵的使用 [7]。随着我国现代农业绿色、环保等高质量发展的要求，采用生态、物理和生物防治等多种措施综合防治赤霉病成为一种趋势 [8-9]。

生物炭是高温裂解和炭化植物秸秆残体的产物，对环境友好、对人畜无害。……