谯天敏　王丽　朱天辉

摘要 本文以黄单胞杆菌Xanthomonas campestris pv. juglandis （Pierce Dowson）为供试菌株，选用不同浓度的13种杀菌剂进行室内毒力测定。结果表明：有10种药剂对该菌有一定的抑制效果，但只有5种杀菌剂能够产生明显的抑菌圈。其中，四霉素和链霉素的抑菌效果最强，最低抑菌浓度为0.165、3 μg/mL，抑菌率为74.76%、69.23%，EC50为12.764、35.318 μg/mL。其他依次为乙蒜素、中生菌素和春雷霉素。选用这5种杀菌剂进行盆栽防治试验，四霉素和链霉素的平均防效达74.60%、71.69%，乙蒜素和中生菌素防效分别为65.98%、58.40%，春雷霉素防效最低为39.38%。其结果与室内基本一致。室内试验及盆栽试验结果表明四霉素、链霉素、乙蒜素、中生菌素和春雷霉素可作为防治核桃黑斑病的杀菌剂，其中四霉素为首选杀菌剂。

关键词 核桃; 细菌性黑斑病; 杀菌剂筛选; 防治效果

中图分类号： S 763.13

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019226

Screening of bactericides and their control effect against

bacterial black spot disease of walnut

QIAO Tianmin， WANG Li， ZHU Tianhui*

（College of Forestry， Sichuan Agricultural University， Wenjiang 611130， China）

Abstract

Using Xanthomonas campestris pv. juglandis （Pierce Dowson） as the tested strain， indoor virulence of 13 kinds of bactericides with different concentrations were determined. The results showed that 10 kinds of bactericides had certain inhibitory effects on the bacteria， but only 5 kinds could produce obvious inhibition zones. Among these bactericides， tetramycin and streptomycin had the strongest inhibition effect， with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.165 and 3 μg/mL， inhibition rate of 74.76% and 69.23%， and the EC50 values of 12.764 and 35.318 μg/mL， respectively， followed by ethylicin， zhongshengmycin and kasugamycin. Pot experiments of the five kinds of bactericides demonstrated that the average control efficacies of tetramycin and streptomycin were 74.60% and 71.69%， and those of ethylicin and zhongshengmycin were 65.98% and 58.40%， respectively， while kasugamycin was the weakest with the efficacy of 39.38%. The results showed that tetramycin， streptomycin， ethylicin， zhongshengmycin and kasugamycin could be used for controlling black spot of walnut， and tetramycin was the preferred bactericide.

Key words

walnut; bacterial black spot; screening of bactericide; control effect

核桃Juglans regia L.又稱为胡桃，波斯核桃、普通核桃和英国核桃，是胡桃科Juglandaceae、胡桃属Juglans植物[1]。核桃仁中含有丰富的脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物及微量元素，具有较高的营养价值，被称为“21世纪的超级食品”[2]。核桃中含有的脂肪酸、褪黑激素和抗氧化剂等具有较高的药用价值，能够帮助人类预防和减缓某些疾病的发生[3-4]。我国是核桃的原产地之一，其栽培历史悠久，种植范围广泛，分布于全国大部分省区，主要集中于云南、四川、河北、山西等省。目前我国核桃种植面积、产量均占世界第一[5]。

随着核桃种植面积的日益扩大，核桃的病虫害也日愈频发[6-7]。核桃黑斑病作为核桃生产中的主要病害之一，为害核桃叶片、枝条和果实，严重影响核桃产量。……