王春明　郭成　周天旺

摘要 为明确72份西北春玉米品种对丝黑穗病的抗性差异，本研究于2015年-2017年间采用人工接种法对供试品种进行了田间抗性鉴定，结果表明‘军育179‘创玉102‘金园007‘中博510和‘九圣禾680共5份表现高抗，占供试品种的6.94%;‘先玉1321‘承试288‘兴玉018‘金育350‘五谷558‘Km15‘JXQ126‘M420‘HN887‘登海720等30份品种表现抗病，占供试品种的41.67%;‘MC703‘YF3240‘武科609‘宇翔188‘军育189‘金科玉3306‘经禾168‘GXY1204‘豪威168‘真金323等共16份品种表现中抗，占供试品种的22.22%;其余18份和3份分别表现感病和高感，分别占供试品种的25.00%和4.17%。以DPS 2016.1.1数据处理系统对其中32份品种的病株率进行系统聚类分析，探讨其抗病性，结果表明，以欧式距离1.0作为最佳聚类距离分割点，将供试品种划分为5类，但其聚类效果与依据玉米抗丝黑穗病鉴定技术规范划分的抗性类型结果存在一定的偏差。

关键词 玉米; 丝黑穗病; 抗性; 鉴定; 聚类分析

中图分类号： S 435.131.4

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019178

Identification and analysis of 72 northwest spring maize varieties resistance to head smut

WANG Chunming1，2， GUO Cheng1，2*， ZHOU Tianwang1，2

（1. Institute of Plant Protection， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou 730070， China;

2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Tianshui， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Tianshui 741299， China）

Abstract

In order to clear the resistance of 72 northwest spring maize varieties to head smut caused by sporisorium reilianum， artificial inoculation in field was conducted from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that five maize varieties were highly resistant， including ‘Junyu179‘Chuangyu102‘Jinyuan007‘Zhongbo510 and ‘Jiushenghe680，accounting for 6.94% of the total varieties. Thirty varieties were resistant， such as ‘Xianyu1321‘Chengshi288‘Xingyu018‘Jinyu350‘Wugu558‘Km15‘JXQ126‘M420‘HN887‘Denghai720 and so on， accounting for 41.67%. Sixteen varieties were moderately resistant， such as ‘MC703‘YF3240‘Wuke609‘Yuxiang188‘Junyu189‘Jinkeyu3306‘Jinghe168‘GXY1204‘Haowei168‘Zhenjin323， etc.， accounting for 22.22%. The remaining 18 and 3 varieties were susceptible and highly susceptible， accounting for 25.00% and 4.17%， respectively. Through DPS 2016.1.1 Data Processing System， the disease rates of 32 varieties were clustered for exploring their resistance. The results showed that 32 maize varieties were grouped into five groups at grouping point 1.0 of euclidean distance. However， there was a certain deviation between the clustering effect and the result of resistance type classified by technical specification for resistance to corn head smut.

Key words

maize; head smut; resistance; identification; clustering analysis

玉米Zea mays是禾本科Poaceae一年生糧饲兼用型作物[1]，素有“饲料之王”的美誉，是全世界用于生产畜产品最重要的饲料来源之一，其籽粒可用作精饲料，茎叶鲜绿度好、营养丰富、产量高，是青贮、配合饲料或直接喂养的优质饲料。据有关部门统计结果显示，2017年玉米种植面积和总产量在我国均居农作物之首，分别为3 544.5万hm2和21 589.1万t [2]。但由于玉米病虫害大面积发生和流行，我国每年因此而导致玉米产量损失约1 000万t以上[3]。甘肃省作为我国玉米主产区之一，至2017年玉米种植面积达96.67万hm2，占全省粮食种植面积的35%，其中制种玉米面积常年稳定在10万hm2左右，玉米已成为甘肃省第一大粮食作物[4]。……