草地贪夜蛾在小麦和不同玉米品种上的种群适合度比较
2020-08-25孙悦刘晓光吕国强郝学政李书华李国平封洪强
孙悦 刘晓光 吕国强 郝学政 李书华 李国平 封洪强



摘要 草地貪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是新入侵我国的重大迁飞性害虫,2019年在我国黄淮海冬小麦-夏玉米轮作主产区河南省呈点片发生,主要为害玉米,特别偏好取食晚播的甜糯玉米。为明确草地贪夜蛾在小麦和不同玉米品种上的种群适合度是否存在差异,本研究在室内(26±1)℃,RH(65±5)%和L∥D=16 h∥8 h光周期条件下比较了草地贪夜蛾在普通玉米‘郑单958‘郑单1002‘豫研1501和糯玉米 ‘郑黄糯2号以及小麦‘郑麦366上生长发育指标。结果表明:取食‘郑麦366的草地贪夜蛾的化蛹率(44.00±3.40)%、蛹重(138.62±6.76)mg、羽化率(35.00±3.07)%和单雌产卵量(971.70±125.63)粒均低于取食4个玉米品种的化蛹率(73.33%~80.00%)、蛹重(154.94~176.40)mg、羽化率(73.33%~79.33%)和单雌产卵量(1 052.00~1 322.60)粒(P<0.05);草地贪夜蛾取食不同寄主植物的种群趋势指数由大到小顺序为:‘郑黄糯2号(578.38)>‘豫研1501(493.40)>和‘郑单958(437.06)>‘郑单1002(321.47)>‘郑麦366(133.56)。综上表明,草地贪夜蛾在小麦上的适合度低于在玉米上的适合度,但其能够在小麦上完成生长发育并实现种群扩繁;其在糯玉米上的种群适合度大于普通玉米。因此应密切监测草地贪夜蛾在小麦上的发生和为害,并提出适时种植糯玉米作为诱集带并集中喷施杀虫剂来压低草地贪夜蛾种群数量的防控措施。
关键词 草地贪夜蛾; 玉米; 小麦; 生长发育; 种群适合度
中图分类号: S 435.1
文献标识码: A
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020099
Comparison of population fitness of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding on wheat and different varieties of maize
SUN Yue1,2, LIU Xiaoguang2, L Guoqiang3, HAO Xuezheng4, LI Shuhua5, LI Guoping1*, FENG Hongqiang1*
(1. Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
2. College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
3. Henan Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
4. Chinese Herb Production Technology Extension Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
5. Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Xincai County, Henan Province, Zhumadian 463500, China)
Abstract
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a major migratory pest that recently invaded China. It occurred sporadically in Henan province, the main producing area of winter wheat-summer maize rotation in Huanghuaihai region of China in 2019. S.frugiperda mainly fed on maize, and especially prefer to feed on late-sown sweet-waxy maize. To understand the effect of wheat and different varieties of maize on population fitness of S.frugiperda, the growth and development indexes of the pest feeding normal maize varieties ‘Zhengdan 958‘Zhengdan 1002‘Yuyan 1501, waxy maize ‘Zhenghuangnuo 2 and wheat variety ‘Zhengmai 366 were compared under conditions of (26±1)℃,(65±5)% RH and L∥D=16 h∥8 h. The results showed that the pupation rate (44.00±3.40)%, pupal weight (138.62±6.76)mg, eclosion rate (35.00±3.07)% and number of eggs laid per female (971.70±125.63) of S.frugiperda feeding on ‘Zhengmai 366 were lower than those of feeding on four maize varieties with 73.33%-80.00%, 154.94-176.40 mg, 73.33%-79.33% and 1 052.00-1 322.60 eggs, respectively (P<0.05); The descending order of population trend index of different treatments was ranked as follows: ‘Zhenghuangnuo 2(578.38)>‘Yuyan 1501(493.40)>‘Zhengdan 958(437.06)>‘Zhengdan 1002(321.47)>‘Zhengmai 366(133.56). In summary, the population fitness of S.frugiperda feeding on wheat is lower than that of feeding on maize, but it can complete the generation and continue the population reproduction. The population fitness of S.frugiperda feeding on sweet-waxy maize was higher than that of on the normal maize. Therefore, it is necessary to closely monitor the occurrence of S.frugiperda on wheat, and put forward the control measures of planting waxy maize as bait host belt and spraying insecticide to reduce S.frugiperda population.
Key words
Spodoptera frugiperda; maize; wheat; growth and development; population fitness
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith), 别名秋黏虫,属鳞翅目Lepidoptera,夜蛾科Noctuidae,是原分布于美洲热带和亚热带地区, 具有季节性远距离迁飞习性,可严重为害农作物的一类重大农业害虫[1-4]。2016年1月,首次在非洲西部的尼日利亚发现草地贪夜蛾为害,随后该虫在非洲大陆迅速传播和扩散,短短两年内在撒哈沙漠以南的44个国家暴发成灾, 目前仍呈蔓延之势[5-7]。2018年7……
