基于健康信念模式探究户外体育活动防控青少年近视:机制、途径与效果
2020-08-25骆冬亚杨剑
骆冬亚 杨剑
摘要:
我国青少年近视问题日益趋重,亟待解决,青少年近视问题不仅关乎个人健康,更牵涉民族发展,探索青少年近视的防控机制和途径是重要的破局之道。户外体育活动作为防控青少年近视的有效途径,主要机制包括:户外体育活动提供了良好的光照环境,锻炼眼部肌肉缓解眼部压力,促进了与视力相关的微量元素维生素D以及视网膜多巴胺的产生。主要干预途径包括:每周三次的干预频率,每次60~90 min的干预时长,16~24周的干预周期效果最佳。基于健康信念模式进行因素互涉,研究认为:应加强健康教育,形塑青少年的健康信念,从而促进青少年户外体育活动参与率。此外,还需要构建“家庭-学校-社会”联动机制,形成近视防护的生态圈、循环链。
关键词:
近视;户外体育活动;青少年;健康信念模式;机制与途径
中图分类号:G804
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1008-2808(2020)04-0090-07
Abstract:
The problem of juvenile myopia is becoming more and more serious in China, which needs to be solved urgently. The problem of juvenile myopia is not only related to personal health, but also to national development. It is an important way to explore the prevention and control mechanism and ways of juvenile myopia. As an effective way to prevent and control myopia, outdoor sports activities provide a good light environment, exercise eye muscles, relieve eye pressure, and promote the production of vitamin D and retinal dopamine related to vision. The main intervention approaches include: three times a week, 60~90 minutes of intervention time, and 16~24 weeks of intervention cycle. Based on the model of health belief, the study suggests that health education should be strengthened to shape the health belief of teenagers, so as to promote the participation rate of teenagers in outdoor sports activities. In addition, we also need to build a “family school society” linkage mechanism to form an ecological circle and circular chain of myopia protection.
Key words:
Myopia; Outdoor physical activity; Teenagers; Health belief model; Mechanism and approach
近年来全球儿童青少年近视问题日益严重,探索行之有效的干预方法是解決这一问题的关键。世界卫生组织一项调查显示我国青少年近视率已经位居世界第一[1]。青少年近视不仅会对自身造成严重的影响,同样关乎国家和民族的未来。因此健康中国战略背景下,防控青少年近视促进体质健康发展意义重大。为了切实做好儿童青少年近视防控工作教育部联合8部门印发《综合防控儿童青少年近视实施方案》,提出了到2030年要将我国6岁儿童近视率控制在3%左右,要求从家庭、学校、学生入手,强化儿童青少年户外活动、减轻学业负担、严控电子产品使用时长、注重儿童青少年用眼卫生[2]。……
