韩海斌　高书晶　王宁　徐林波　董瑞文　娜仁满都呼

摘要 亞洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus B.-Bienko具有长距离迁飞能力，常迁飞为害造成严重损失。掌握其飞行肌结构特征，分析其飞行能力及影响因素，对提高对其监测预警水平具有重要指导作用。本研究采用电子显微镜对群居型和散居型亚洲小车蝗雌成虫背纵肌进行了比较分析。结果表明：群居型和散居型成虫飞行肌具有相似的亚细胞结构，飞行肌的肌原纤维粗细肌丝比例为1∶3，6根细肌丝环绕1根粗肌丝，形成六角形结构。飞行肌的发育和线粒体的形成均是渐进的过程，在不同日龄成虫间存在差异。亚洲小车蝗肌原纤维直径在0.6～1.5 μm，群居型成虫的肌原纤维直径多大于散居型。肌节长度为2.6～4.5 μm，7日龄肌节长度最短，多数日龄群居型成虫肌节长度小于散居型（2.4～3.8 μm）。线粒体在背纵肌内含量占肌纤维线粒体含量的25%～45%，群居型和散居型亚洲小车蝗存在显著差异，群居型7日龄雌成虫线粒体占肌原纤维的比例最高，为52.37%，而散居型的只有32.74%。线粒体含量差异可能是两型亚洲小车蝗成虫飞行能力差异显著的重要原因之一。

关键词 亚洲小车蝗; 群居型; 散居型; 飞行肌; 超微结构

中图分类号： S 433.2

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019198

Ultrastructure of the flight muscle of female adults in the gregarious

and solitary phases of the grasshopper， Oedaleus asiaticus

（Orthoptera： Acrididae）

HAN Haibin1， GAO Shujing1*， WANG Ning1， XU Linbo1， DONG Ruiwen2， Narenmanduhu2

（1. Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hohhot 010010， China;

2. Siziwang Banner Grassland Station in Wulanchabu League， Inner Mongolia， Wulanchabu 011800， China）

Abstract

Oedaleus asiaticus has the ability to migrate long distance， which has caused negative effects on the areas of destination. Understanding the structure of its flight muscle helps improve the accuracy of monitoring and warning against this pest. The electron microscopy was used to compare and analyze the ultrastructure of flight muscle of female adults in both gregarious and solitary phases of the grasshopper， O.asiaticus. The results showed that the adults of both phases shared similar structures of indirect flight muscle， in which the thick and thin filaments formed a hexagonal lattice with myosin and actin in the ratio of 1∶3. The development of flight muscle and formation of mitochondrion were gradually changeable processes with differences between different day-old adults. The diameters of the myofibril of O.asiaticus were between 0.6 and 1.5 μm. The myofibril diameters of most adults in the gregarious phase were thicker than those in the solitary phase. The length of sarcomere was 2.6-4.5 μm， and the length of sarcomere of 7-day-old adults was the shortest. Most adults in the gregarious phase were shorter than those in the homologous solitary phase （2.4-3.8 μm）. The mitochondrion content in myofibril was 25%-45%， which was significantly different between the phases： 52.37%in 7 day-old adults of the gregarious phase and 32.74%in those of the solitary phase. It is inferred that the above differences in mitochondrion content in flight muscle may contribute to different flight abilities in the two phases of O.asiaticus adults： the adults in the gregarious phase can migrate for longer distance.

Key words

Oedaleus asiaticus; gregarious phase; solitary phase; flight muscle; ultrastructure

昆虫的迁飞行为是适应环境而长期进化出的一种生存策略[1]，昆虫远距离迁飞寻找食物充足、天敌少等条件适宜环境，增加种群生存繁衍的机会，迁飞害虫常具有突发性、暴发性和毁灭性的为害特征，给农牧业生产造成重大影响[2-3]。适宜的飞行肌结构是昆虫远距离迁飞的基础，昆虫飞行能力的大小与飞行肌结构直接相关[4]。……