朱晓锋　王明　徐兵强　宋博　闫晓静　杨森　袁会珠

摘要 為探究植保无人机在核桃园低空低容量喷雾最优作业参数，本文采用三因素三水平正交试验设计，研究了植保无人机喷雾后核桃树上雾滴沉积分布情况。结果表明：影响雾滴覆盖密度和沉积量的主要因素是飞行速度，其次是飞行高度和施药液量;在树高6～7 m的核桃园中植保无人机喷雾效果较优的作业参数是飞行速度2.2～3.0 m/s，飞行高度2.0～2.5 m，施药液量22.5～30.0 L/hm2，其平均雾滴覆盖密度和沉积量分别为26.36～37.94个/cm2、0.24～0.29 μg/cm2;不同冠层雾滴覆盖密度和沉积量分布为上层>中层>下层，外围>内膛;喷头型号对雾滴覆盖密度和雾滴直径有显著影响;中等喷头（Teejet110015）处理的沉积量最大，但粗、中、细3种喷头处理间的沉积量无显著性差异;植保无人机和地面人工+机动喷杆喷雾的农药地面流失率分别为3.61%和23.69%，两处理间有显著性差异。本文对无人机在核桃园喷雾作业参数进行了优选，可为无人机对高冠果树的合理喷施、提高喷施效果提供参考和指导。

关键词 植保无人机; 作业参数; 核桃园; 雾滴覆盖密度; 沉积量

中图分类号： S 499

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019220

Optimization of unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） operation parameters in walnut orchards

ZHU Xiaofeng1*， WANG Ming2， XU Bingqiang1， SONG Bo1， YAN Xiaojing2， YANG Sen1， YUAN Huizhu2*

（1. Institute of Plant Protection， Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest

Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， National Local Joint

Engineering Research Center of Special Forestry and Fruit Industry， Urumqi 830091， China;

2. Institute of Plant Protection， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100193， China）

Abstract

In order to explore the optimal operation parameters of unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） spraying in walnut orchards， the deposition distribution of droplets on the walnut trees after UAV spraying was studied using three factors and three levels orthogonal tests. The results showed that the main factor affecting the droplet density and deposition was flight speed， followed by flight height and spray volume. In walnut orchards， where the tree height was 6-7 m， the operation parameters with better spray effect of UAV were flying speed of 2.2-3.0 m/s， flying height of 2.0-2.5 m and spray volume of 22.5-30.0 L/hm2， and the average droplet density and deposition were 26.36-37.94 deposits/cm2 and 0.24-0.29 μg/cm2， respectively. The droplet density and deposition on different canopies were distributed from high to low in the upper canopy， middle canopy， lower canopy and outer canopy and inner canopy. The type of nozzle had a significant influence on the droplet density and diameter. Medium nozzle （Teejet110015） had the largest deposition， but there was no significant difference between the three nozzles （Teejet11001， Teejet110015 and Teejet11002）. The ground loss rates of pesticides sprayed with UAV and spray boom were 3.61% and 23.69%， respectively， and there was significant difference between the two treatments. In this study， the spraying operation parameters of UAV were optimized in walnut orchards， which could provide a reference and guidance for the rational spraying of UAV on high-crowned fruit trees and the improvement of spraying effect.

Key words

UAV; operation parameter; walnut orchard; droplet density; deposition

核桃是世界上重要的坚果之一，栽培历史悠久。我国核桃栽培面积和总产量均居世界第一，主要分布在云南、新疆、陕西、山西、河北等地。截至2016年底，新疆核桃种植面积已达36.9万hm2，年产核桃48.6万t，已成为中国核桃的重要产区之一[1]。在新疆，核桃病虫害主要有核桃黑斑蚜Chromaphis juglandicola （Kaltenbach）、叶螨Tetranychus spp.、核桃腐烂病Cytospora juglandis、核桃叶枯病Alternaria alternata （Fr.） Keissl等[2-5]。目前生产上主要使用……