姜鑫

摘 要：[目的/意义]针对国外资助机构发布的科学数据开放共享政策进行政策评估分析，以期为国内资助机构制定与完善科学数据开放共享政策提出政策建议。[方法/过程]本研究首先从国外资助机构发布的科学数据开放共享政策中选取若干目标政策;其次，通过质性文本分析法针对目标政策构建政策文本分析类目体系;第三，针对国外资助机构发布的科学数据开放共享政策进行政策评估分析;最后，依据政策评估分析结果，针对国内资助机构的政策制定与完善提出政策建议。[结果/结论]建议国内资助机构尽快参考与借鉴国外代表性资助机构发布的科学数据开放共享政策，针对数据创建、数据访问和数据归档3个数据生命阶段的相关政策内容进行补充、调整与完善。

关键词：资助机构;科学数据;开放共享;政策文本;文本分析;NVivo 12

Abstract：[Purpose/Significance]This paper conducts policy assessment analysis for the opening and sharing policies of scientific data issued by foreign funding agencies，in order to make policy suggestions for the formulation and improvement of the opening and sharing policies of scientific data for domestic funding agencies.[Method/Process]This paper firstly selected some target policies from the opening and sharing policies of scientific data issued by foreign funding agencies，secondly constructed the policy text analysis coding system for the target policies through the qualitative text analysis method，then conducted policy assessment analysis for the opening and sharing policies of scientific data issued by foreign funding agencies，and finally made policy suggestions for the formulation and improvement of domestic funding agencies according to the results of above policy assessment analysis.[Result/Conclusion]It was suggested that domestic funding agencies should refer to the opening and sharing policies of scientific data issued by foreign representative funding agencies as soon as possible，and supplement，adjust and improve the relevant policy contents in the three data life stages of data creation，data access and data archiving.

Key words：funding agencies;research data;opening and sharing;policy documents;text analysis;NVivo 12

目前，国内外科研资助机构每年投入大量公共资金用于资助各类科研项目，其重要产出表现为学术出版物（期刊论文、学术著作）和科学数据，如英国医学研究理事会（Medical Research Council，MRC）每年在研究上投入约8.5亿英镑的公共资金，其主要产出是大量的、丰富的和多样的科学数据[1]。国内外科研资助机构对于公共资助产生的科学数据应实现公共获取（Public Access）已达成共识，并积极制定与完善科学数据开放共享政策以促进科学数据的访问、共享与重用，如经济合作与发展组织（OECD）在“公共资助科学数据获取原则与指南”中指……