盛东方 尹航

摘 要：[目的/意义]突发公共事件中的政策需求方，是应急管理活动的重要构成角色之一。相应的政策供给是否与政策需求相匹配，关系着应急管理的成效。政策供需匹配研究拓展了政策文本研究的分析视角，为优化应急管理政策的科学设计，提升突发公共事件治理的精准度提供参考。[方法/过程]以新冠肺炎疫情为例，基于主题分布分析和关键词共现分析两条路径，采用融合了主题挖掘、文本分类和共现分析的政策文本计算方法，探究突发公共事件下中小企业扶持政策供需匹配问题。[结果/结论]金融支持类政策供需较为平衡，信息化征管和税费优惠类政策尚需加强舆论宣传，政务服务和物资保供类政策有待进一步增加政策供给。

关键词：政策文本计算;政策供需匹配;突发公共事件;新冠肺炎;中小企业

Abstract：[Purpose/Significance]The policy demander in public emergency is one of the important roles of emergency management.Whether the corresponding policy supply matches the policy demand is related to the effectiveness of emergency management.The research on policy supply-demand matching expands the analysis perspective of policy text research，and provides reference for optimizing the scientific design of emergency management policies and improving the accuracy of public emergency management.[Method/Process]Taking Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia as an example，based on the two paths of theme distribution analysis and co-word analysis，this paper used the policy text computing method which integrates topic mining，text classification and co-word analysis to explore the matching of supply and demand of minor enterprises support policies in public emergencies.[Result/Conclusion]The supply and demand of financial support policies were relatively balanced，public opinion publicity needed to be strengthened by the information collection and management policies and tax preferential policies，and policy supply needed to be further increase by the government service policies and material guarantee and supply policies.

Key words：policy text computing;policy supply-demand matching;public emergencies;Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia;minor enterprises

新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎（以下简称“新冠肺炎”）疫情，给我国的经济社会生活带来了一定的冲击和影响。中小企业作为我国国民经济的重要支柱，囿于自身规模小、业务单一、盈利能力弱、抗风险能力低，其生产经营遭遇到严峻的挑战。为了切实缓解当前中小企业生产经营所面临的困难，确保经济的平稳健康发展，中央及地方政府积极寻求并密集出台了若干中小企业扶持政策，形成了一系列涉及财税、金融、社保等领域的政策文本。这为突发公共事件下的政策研究提供了资料。

政策文本指因政策活动而产生的记录文献，包括官方文献（如法律、法规、部门规章）、公文档案（如研究、咨询、听证或决议）、政策舆情文本[1]。……