吴本娟　王峪

摘要：目的  探討急诊科急性胃肠炎患病情况及影响因素。方法  选择2018年1～12月来我院急诊科就诊的急性胃肠炎患者作为研究对象，采用自制调查问卷表进行调查，内容包括调查时间、近1周发生过急性胃肠炎（是、否）、性别（男、女）、年龄（≤12岁、13～18岁、19～50岁、>50岁）、居住地性质（农村、城市）、近1周外出就餐次数（≤1次、2～6次、≥7次）、刀具生熟分开（是、否）、菜板生熟分开（是、否）。结果  共纳入急性胃肠炎患者1280例，有效调查率96.97%;近1周发生过急性胃肠炎115例，患病率为8.98%;不同性别间急性胃肠炎患病率差异比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）;年龄≤12岁患病率为27.59%，高于13～18岁、19～50岁和>50岁（P<0.05）;年龄>50岁患病率为12.94%，高于13～18岁和19～50岁（P<0.05）;急性胃肠炎主要发病月份集中在6～10月份，患病率均超过10.00%;近1周外出就餐次数≥7次患病率为23.39%，高于2～6次和≤1次（P<0.05）;刀具生熟未分患病率为14.81%，高于刀具生熟分开（P<0.05）;菜板生熟未分患病率为17.66%，高于菜板生熟分开（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄、外出就餐次数、刀具及菜板生熟未分是急性胃肠炎发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论  低年龄段和高年龄段急性胃肠炎患病率较高，6～10月份患病率较高，日常应采取针对性的食品卫生健康教育以减少急性胃肠炎的发生。

关键词：急性胃肠炎;流行情况;影响因素;患病率

中图分类号：R57                                     文献标识码：A                                 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.14.044

文章编号：1006-1959（2020）14-0143-03

Analysis of Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Acute Gastroenteritis in Emergency Department

WU Ben-juan，WANG Yu

（Department of Emergency，Tianjin First Central Hospital，Tianjin 300192，China）

Abstract：Objective  To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of acute gastroenteritis in emergency department.Methods  The patients with acute gastroenteritis who came to the emergency department of our hospital from January to December 2018 were selected as the research objects. The self-made questionnaire was used to investigate. The content includes the investigation time and acute gastroenteritis in the past week （yes， no ）， gender （male， female）， age （≤12 years old， 13-18 years old， 19-50 years old， >50 years old）， nature of residence （rural， urban）， number of dining out in the last week （≤1 time， 2-6 times， ≥7 times）， knife raw and cooked separation （yes， no）， cutting board raw and cooked separation （yes， no）. Results  A total of 1280 patients with acute gastroenteritis were included， and the effective investigation rate was 96.97%; 115 patients had acute gastroenteritis in the past week， and the prevalence rate was 8.98%; There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of acute gastroenteritis between different genders （P>0.05）; the prevalence of age ≤12 years was 27.59%， higher than 13-18 years， 19-50 years and >50 years （P<0.05）; age>50 years old prevalence rate is 12.94%， higher than 13-18 years old and 19-50 years old （P<0.05）; the main month of acute gastroenteritis is concentrated in June-October， both prevalence rates more than 10.00%; the prevalence rate of eating out more than 7 times in the past week is 23.39%， higher than 2-6 times and ≤1 time （P<0.05）; the prevalence of unripe and unripe knife is 14.81%， higher than the raw and cooked cuttings were separated （P<0.05）; the prevalence of raw and cooked cutting boards was 17.66%， which was higher than that of cutting boards （P<0.05）; Logistic regression analysis showed that age， number of dining out， cutting tools and chopping board raw and cooked is not a risk factor for acute gastroenteritis（P<0.05）.Conclusion  The prevalence of acute gastroenteritis is higher in the low age group and the high age group. The prevalence rate is higher from June to October， and daily targeted food hygiene and health education should be taken to reduce the incidence of acute gastroenteritis.

Key words：Acute gastroenteritis;Epidemic situation;Influencing factors;Prevalence rate

急性胃肠炎是社区常见的食源性胃肠道疾病，多发生于夏季，已成为重要的公共卫生问题。急性胃肠炎主要包括感染性急性胃肠炎、中毒性急性胃肠炎两大类，其中由食品中致病微生物因素引起的腹泻称为感染性急性胃肠炎，由食品中生物或化学因素引起的食物中毒称为中毒性急性胃肠炎[1]。急性胃肠炎可引起腹泻、腹痛、血性腹泻、呕吐、发热等症状，严重影响患者的身体健康，如救治不及时还可能造成脱水、败血症、休克、死亡[2]。了解急性胃肠炎的发病特点有助于采取有效的预防和干预措施。目前传统的急性胃肠炎发病情况的监测技术主要依赖医院，但医院调查只能发现就诊的急性胃肠炎病例，不能反映社区真实的急性胃肠炎发病情 况[3]。开展除医院化……