刘扬

摘 要 安珠护是康熙朝第六位盛京将军，在顺治时期南征北战，屡立战功;在康熙朝历任宁古塔副都统和盛京将军，也都实心任事、极为称职，两代帝王都屡次嘉奖。可是，康熙二十一年（1682）康熙帝第二次東巡盛京之后，安珠护的人生就此发生重大转折，四年以后被贬为索伦总管，而且祸及子孙，连其爵位子孙都不得承袭。东巡期间到底发生了什么事？通过对多方史料进行分析，找出安珠护人生转折的真实原因。

关键词 安珠护 盛京将军 东巡 康熙帝

Abstract An Zhuhu was the sixth General of Shengjing in Kangxi period. During the period of Shunzhi， he attended several wars and got meritorious military achievements. During the period of Kangxi， he served as the Vice General of Ningguta and the General of Shengjing. He was rewarded by two generations of emperors because of his responsibility and competence. However， An Zhuhu's life took a dramatic change after emperor Kangxis second east tour of Shengjing in the 21st year of Kangxi period （1682）. Four years later he was demoted as the Sauron Manager， and his descendants were also involved in his misfortune， which meant even his title could not be inherited. What happened during emperor Kangxis second east tour？ The real reason of An Zhuhu's life transition is found out through the analysis of various historical materials.

Keyword An Zhuhu; Shengjing General; east tour; emperor Kangxi

一、东巡之前的安珠护

安珠护，瓜尔佳氏，满洲正黄旗人。其父阿喇穆在太祖时期“任牛录额真”[1]9586，为人“寡言笑”[2]1304，但打仗“多勇善骑射”[3]1304，历侍太祖、太宗、世祖三朝，南征北战，史料记载“皆以骁勇力战受重伤”[4]1304。顺治元年（1644），安珠护父亲率军追击李自成时中炮身亡，追授云骑尉。先是其子席特库承袭，席特库去世后，安珠护承袭，又遇恩召，晋轻车都尉。

安珠护16岁为国子监生，21岁被授予七品翰林院检讨。顺治九年（1653），敬瑾亲王尼堪率军攻打湖南，安珠护主动“请从”出征，升为正五品刑部郎中。湖南之战尼堪轻敌冒进，中伏阵亡，安珠护“单骑入重围获王尸以出”[5]1304。晋升为正三品护军参领。但因此次战役总体失败，安珠护又被降职，授刑部郎中，在刑部任职四年期间，安珠护的工作能力受到刑部尚书图海的认可，图海“深所器重”，凡事都“倚任焉”[6]1304。顺治十五年（1659），处理丁酉江南科举案时，安珠护因怜惜吴兆骞，拖延审案时间，惹恼了顺治帝再次被革职。……