罗玉梅 周延 常颖婷 倪永凤 姚仁芬 周浩

[摘要] 目的 了解贵州省人民医院白云分院呼吸道感染患儿甲乙流病毒检测情况。 方法 回顾性分析2019年4～12月在贵州省人民医院白云分院进行甲乙流病毒检测的患儿检测结果及其流行病学特点。 结果 共有7692例患儿进行了甲乙流病毒检测，检出阳性率为15.95%，其中甲型流感病毒和乙型流感病毒检出率分别为13.38%和2.57%。检出阳性率存在年龄和季节分布特点，5岁以上的儿童检出率最高，冬季检出率可高达22.20%。 结论 呼吸道感染患儿流感病毒检测阳性率较高，并且具有一定的年龄易感性和季节分布特点，医院、社区、学校和家庭应根据其特点做出针对性防治策略。

[关键词] 呼吸道感染;流感病毒;儿童;病毒检测

[中图分类号] R181.8          [文獻标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2020）16-0067-03

Analysis on the detection status of influenza A and influenza B viruses in 7692 children patients with respiratory tract infection

LUO Yumei1 ZHOU Yan1 CHANG Yingting1 NI Yongfeng1 YAO Renfen2 ZHOU Hao2

1.Department of Pediatrics， Baiyun Branch， Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital， Guiyang 550014， China; 2.Department of Pediatrics， Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital， Guiyang 550002， China

[Abstract] Objective To understand the detection status of influenza A and influenza B viruses in children patients with respiratory tract infection in Baiyun Branch of Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital. Methods The test results and epidemiological characteristics of children patients diagnosed with influenza A and B viruses at the Baiyun Branch of Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from April to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 7692 children patients were infected with influenza A and B viruses， and the positive rate was 15.95%. The detection rates of influenza A virus and influenza B virus were 13.38% and 2.57% respectively. The positive rate of detection showed the characteristics of age and season distribution， and children over 5 years old had the highest detection rate. The detection rate in winter could be as high as 22.20%. Conclusion Children patients with respiratory infections have a higher positive rate of influenza virus detection， and have a certain characteristics of age susceptibility and seasonal distribution. Hospitals， communities， schools and families should make targeted prevention and treatment strategies based on their characteristics.

[Key words] Respiratory infection; Influenza virus; Children; Virus detection

呼吸道感染性疾病是儿童时期最常见的疾病，也是儿童时期致死率最高的疾病之一[1，2]。儿童呼吸道感染病原体70%～90%为病毒，其中最常见的病毒为：鼻病毒、腺病毒、流感病毒、柯萨奇病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒等[3，4]，且病毒感染常导致儿童群体性和爆发性发病，虽然目前上市多种抗病毒药物，但迄今为止，尚无针对不同病毒感染的特效抗病毒药物，且部分病毒感染可导致严重的呼吸系统受损，甚至多系统受累，对儿童的安全和学习存在严重威胁[5-7]。因此，了解儿童呼吸道感染疾病常见病原体检测情况及其特点，对制定针对性的防治策略具有重要意义[8，9]。本研究通过回顾性分析2019年4～12月在贵州省人民医院白云分院进行甲乙流病毒检测患儿的检测结果及其流行病学特点，以期为该地区儿童呼吸道疾病的防治提供数据支撑，现报道如下。……