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经乳晕切口行乳腺纤维腺瘤切除术的美学效果及相关影响因素分析

2020-07-29夏冰心韩涛胡俊

中国美容医学 2020年7期
关键词:影响因素

夏冰心 韩涛 胡俊

[摘要]目的:探究乳腺纤维腺瘤切除术中采用乳晕切口的美学效果及相关影响因素分析。方法:选取2017年1月-2018年3月80例乳腺纤维腺瘤患者作为研究对象,随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各40例。对照组采用传统切除术治疗,观察组采用乳晕切口治疗。术后随访6个月,通过乳头情况、双侧乳房基本对称情况、术后瘢痕情况综合评定,比较两组患者术后美学效果,经单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析影响美学效果的相关危险因素。结果:观察组患者优良率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者年龄、是否肥胖、是否绝经与乳晕切口术后美学效果有关(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,年龄≥45岁、肥胖、绝经均是影响乳晕切口术后美学效果的相关危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺纤维腺瘤患者采用乳晕切口手术治疗,术后乳房和乳头整体外形及双侧对称性良好,且无明显瘢痕,美容效果较满意。

[关键词]乳腺纤维腺瘤;保乳术;乳晕切口;美学效果;影响因素

[中图分类号]R737.9    [文献标志码]A    [文章编号]1008-6455(2020)07-0087-04

Abstract: Objective  To investigate the aesthetic effects and related influencing factors of the areola incision in breast plastic surgery. Methods  Eighty patients with breast fibroadenoma from January 2017 to March 2018 were enrolled in the study. The random number table method was divided into control group and observation group, 40 cases each. The control group was treated with conventional resection and the observation group was treated with areola incision. After 6 months of follow-up, the urinary condition, the bilateral symmetry of the bilateral breasts, and the postoperative scar condition were comprehensively evaluated. The postoperative aesthetic effects of the two groups were compared. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors related to the aesthetic effect. Results  The excellent rate of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Patient age, obesity, and menopause were related to the aesthetic effect of areola incision (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that women aged ≥45 years, obese, and menopausal women were all related risk factors affecting the aesthetic effect of areola incision (P<0.05). Conclusion  The patients with breast fibroadenoma are treated with areola incision. The overall shape and bilateral symmetry of the breast and nipple are good, and there is no obvious scar. The cosmetic effect is satisfactory.

Key words: breast fibroadenoma; breast-conserving surgery; areola incision; aesthetic effect; influencing factors

乳腺纖维腺瘤是临床较常见良性肿瘤,好发于20~30岁女性,患病初期常难被发现,常错过最佳治疗时机[1-2]。该疾病的发生与雌激素升高、卵巢功能旺盛具有密切联系[3]。临床常见症状为乳房无痛性肿块,少数患者可出现乳房溢液、疼痛。尽管乳腺纤维腺瘤是良性肿瘤,但少数患者仍可能会发生恶变,影响乳腺正常发育,危害患者健康,因此,及时进行治疗对提高患者生活质量具有重要作用[4-5]。临床通常采用手术方法治疗该疾病[6]。但传统乳房肿瘤切除手术效果往往较差,创伤大,术后易产生瘢痕,影响双侧对称性,在很大程度上影响患者乳腺功能,增加患者的心理负担,影响患者家庭生活。随着人们对美的追求越来越强烈,临床整形医生意识乳房整形术中美容作用具有十分重要的意义[7]。近年来,临床新型乳房整形术有利于降低手术窗孔对乳房整体美观程度的影响,容易被患者接受。因乳晕部的肤色较暗,且具有隐蔽、灵活、创伤区域小等优点,因此,乳晕切口在乳房整形手术中应用较广泛。相关研究显示,乳晕切口手术疗效好、美学效果佳、术后恢复快,且并发症发生率低[8]。为进一步证实该手术方法的美学效果。本研究选取2017年1月-2018年3月80例乳腺纤维腺瘤患者作为研究对象,旨在分析乳腺纤维腺瘤切除术中采用乳晕切口的美学效果及相关影响因素。

本研究從患者自身情况与乳晕切口治疗后美学效果进行相关影响因素分析,结果显示,年龄、肥胖、绝经情况均是影响乳晕切口术后美学效果的危险因素。张志强等[23]研究乳晕切口美容效果的影响因素,结果显示,年龄≥45岁患者的切口美学效果较差。年龄≥45岁患者可能是由于乳房中脂肪含量增多,此类患者在接受治疗后瘢痕挛缩可导致乳房明显收缩。肥胖患者中全身及乳房中脂肪含量高,在接受手术后乳房极易发生瘢痕。相关研究显示,绝经后女性患者术后美学效果较差,可能是与绝经后乳腺逐渐被脂肪组织所代替有关[24]。为保证美学效果,应严格把握手术指征,根据患者相关检查结果对手术进行初步评估。乳腺纤维腺瘤切除术中应注意手术切除口大小,根据患者实际情况兼顾治疗效果和美学效果改变切口大小,术前与患者沟通,提高患者对疾病的认知能力,科学护理减小术后瘢痕[25];通过肢体功能锻炼,可达到乳房塑形,避免乳房塌陷,减轻乳头移位程度。

综上所述,乳腺纤维腺瘤切除术中采用乳晕切口术后乳房外形良好,患者满意度高。年龄、肥胖、绝经均是影响乳晕切口术后美学效果的危险因素。

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[收稿日期]2019-11-29

本文引用格式:夏冰心,韩涛,胡俊.经乳晕切口行乳腺纤维腺瘤切除术的美学效果及相关影响因素分析[J].中国美容医学,2020,29(7):87-90.

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