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牙弓横向宽度不足的测量分析进展

2020-07-29张明灿张馨匀李洪发

中国美容医学 2020年7期

张明灿 张馨匀 李洪发

[摘要]牙弓横向宽度不足是临床正畸常见问题,许多原因可导致这一错牙合,如侏儒症、佝偻病、垂体前叶功能不足等全身性因素,或者小舌症、口呼吸等口腔颌面部局部因素。牙弓横向宽度不足会对口系统产生不良作用,对于错牙合畸形的治疗,一般首先要矫治横向宽度不足,因此,它的诊断分析尤为重要。临床上常用的测量方法有模型测量、X线片测量、Pont测量分析等。近年来,随着三维数字化技术的不断发展,CBCT、磁共振成像、3Shape数字化扫描等实现了牙列及颌骨三维重建及测量,本文就横向宽度不足的测量分析方法及新进展综述如下。

[关键词]横向宽度不足;测量分析;WALA嵴:Pont测量分析;锥形束CT

[中图分类号]R783.5    [文献标志码]A    [文章编号]1008-6455(2020)07-0183-04

Abstract:Dental transverse width deficiency is a common clinical problem in orthodontics.Many reasons can cause this malocclusion, systemic factors such as dwarfism, rickets, and anterior pituitary insufficiency,.maxillofacial local factors such as small tongue disease and mouth breathing.Dental transverse width deficiency has negative effect on the oral system. For the treatment of malocclusion, the dental transverse width deficiency should be corrected priority, so its diagnostic analysis is particularly important.The commonly used diagnostic methods in clinic include model measurement and X-ray film measurement、Pont,s analysis. In recent years, with the development of 3D digital technology, CBCT,MRI,3Shape digital scanning have achieved three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of dentition and jaw bones, some new technologies and methods appear. In this review, the progress of measurement and diagnosis in recent years is summarized

Key words:transverse width deficiency;measurement and diagnosis;WALA ridge;Pont,s analysis; cone beam computed tomography

牙弓横向宽度不足常引起后牙反牙合、对刃等,上下协调的牙弓横向关系是牙合关系稳定的基础。牙弓横向宽度不足分为骨性与牙性不足,由于基骨狭窄导致的骨性不足,常需要正畸矫形治疗或外科手术治疗。由于牙倾斜或牙槽骨宽度不足引起则为牙性不足。牙弓横向宽度不足导致的牙弓狭窄,会对口牙合系统产生不良作用,在错牙合畸形临床治疗中,一般首先要矫治横向宽度不足,因此临床上诊断分析牙弓宽度不足尤为重要,为后期扩弓治疗提供指导。

1  横向宽度不足与口颌系统的关系

横向宽度不足常表现为牙弓狭窄而前突,颊旁暗区过大。早在1920年Lundstrom[1]强调牙弓间协调才能具有良好的咬合和长期稳定的口颌系统。……

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