马超　常增亮　李斌　高兴国　曲萌

摘  要：由于电力工程测绘的特殊性，部分GNSS厂商在GNSS系统软件适配方面无法完全满足电力工程测绘应用要求。本文针对Trimble GNSS系统在塔基放样方面的不完全适配问题，提出了一种新的解决方案，开发一个集极坐标法和累距偏距法为一体的塔基放样模块，不仅支持极坐标法和累距偏距法同时放样，而且能够根据设计数据自动计算当前位置所在耐张段的累距和偏距等放样参数，避免了计算和建线错误。经实地测试，该塔基放样模块在满足放样点精度的条件下，大大提高了塔基放样效率，并且满足日常使用的稳定性需要。

关键词：Trimble GNSS;输电线路;塔基放样;

Research on Fast Lofting Method of Transmission Line Tower Foundation Based on Trimble GNSS System

MA Chao，GAO Xing-guo

Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co.，Ltd.，Jinan 250013

ABSTRACT：Due to the particularity of power engineering surveying and mapping，some GNSS manufacturers can not fully meet the application requirements of power engineering surveying and mapping in software adaptation of GNSS system. Aiming at the problem of incomplete adaptation of Trimble GNSS system in tower base lofting，a new solution is proposed. A tower base lofting module is developed，which integrates polar coordinate method and cumulative offset method. It not only supports both polar coordinate method and cumulative offset method，but also automatically calculates the current situation according to the design data. The setting-out parameters such as cumulative distance and offset of the tension section where the position is located avoid errors in calculation and line-building. Field tests show that the tower base lofting module can greatly improve the efficiency of tower base lofting and meet the stability requirements of daily use under the condition of satisfying the accuracy of lofting points.

Key words：Trimble GNSS;Transmission line;Tower base setting-out;

1背景及意义

GNSS具有全能性、全球性、全天候、连续性和实时性的导航、定位和定时功能，能为用户提供精密的三维坐标、速度和时间，目前已广泛应用于大地测量[1]、工程测量[2]、航空摄影测量[3]、海洋测绘[4]等领域。在电力工程测绘领域，GNSS-RTK相比传统光学仪器手段，能实时地得出所在位置的空间三维坐标，不受环境和距离限制，非常适合于地形条件困难地区[1]，能在保证测量精度的条件下能够有效提高作业效率。然而由于电力工程测绘的特殊性，部分GNSS厂商在GNSS系统软件适配方面无法完全满足电力工程测绘应用要求。线路与塔基放样是电力工程输电线路测绘的一项核心工作，而我院现有的若干Trimble GNSS设备仅能进行简单线路放样功能，对于复杂的转角塔、分支塔放样無法实现或需要现场间接计算，严重影响了塔基作业效率，并可能因计算错误而误放。……