孙玲　刘利平　王杰　李巧　何荣海　马海乐

摘要 以樟芝菌节孢子为研究对象，通过单因素试验，分析超声介入时间点、超声功率密度、超声频率和超声时长对樟芝菌节孢子发芽率的影响，优化了超声波对樟芝菌节孢子萌发的最佳处理条件：在樟芝菌节孢子接种到培养基中培养9 h后，超声波频率为22 kHz、功率密度为60 W/L处理15 min。采用扫描电镜观察了超声波对节孢子细胞壁的影响，发现超声波处理引起樟芝菌节孢子细胞壁表面形成很多针状物，在一定程度上破坏了细胞壁的结构，随着恢复培养时间的推移，逐渐恢复为表面光滑的细胞壁，这些结果表明可能是由于超声波处理在一定程度上破坏了樟芝节孢子细胞壁的结构，从而促进了樟芝菌节孢子的萌发。

关键词 樟芝菌;节孢子;超声波处理;发芽率;细胞形态

中图分类号 TS201.3文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2020）11-0178-04

Abstract Taking Antrodia camphorara arthrospores as the research object， the effects of ultrasonic intervention time point， ultrasonic power density， ultrasonic frequency and ultrasonic time on the germination rate of Antrodia camphorara arthrospores were analyzed by a single factor test. The optimal treatment conditions for germination of Antrodia camphorara arthrospores by ultrasound were optimized： after arthrospores of Antrodia camphorara cultivated for 9 hours in medium culture， ultrasonic treatment were performed at power density of 60 w/L and frequency of 22 kHz for 15 min. Using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） to observe the effects of the ultrasonic on the cell walls of arthrospores， it was found that the ultrasonic treatment causes the cell walls of arthrospores formed many needles， which destroyed the structure of the cell wall to a certain extent. With the restoration of culture time， it gradually returned to a smooth cell wall. These results suggested that the ultrasonic treatment promoted the germination of arthrospores likely due to the destroyed cell call caused by ultrasonic treatment.

Key words Antrodia camphorate;Arthrospores;Ultrasonic treatment;Germination rate;Cellular morphology

樟芝（Antrodia camphorata），又稱牛樟芝，含有多糖、三萜、倍半萜等多种活性物质，具有抗氧化、消炎、提高免疫力、保肝护肝等功能[1-4]。樟芝属于真菌界、担子菌门、层菌纲、非褶菌目、多孔菌科、薄孔菌属，专一寄生在台湾特有的常绿阔叶乔木牛樟树腐朽树木上，是一种珍稀的药用真菌。由于野生樟芝的生长非常缓慢，而且樟芝专一寄生的牛樟树资源稀缺，导致野生樟芝子实体的市场价格非常昂贵。液体深层发酵是解决野生樟芝资源紧缺的重要方法，液体深层发酵可在短时间内收集到大量的菌丝体和有效成分[5-6]。樟芝菌丝固体培养和液体培养过程中产生无性孢子——节孢子[7-8]，该孢子可以作为接种物在液体培养时萌发成菌丝，进而互相缠绕形成菌丝球。……