贺帅　吴学巧　陈建国　谢德山　刘琦　冯豪　游龙飞　杨旋　陈翔　聂春华

摘要 為探究不同形态氮素配比对植烟土壤氮素分布、产质量的影响，以云烟87为参试品种，试验设T1（100%NO3--N）、T2（70%NO3--N：30%NH4+-N）、T3（50%NO3--N：50%NH4+-N）、T4（30%NO3--N：70%NH4+-N）、T5（100%NH4+-N）5个处理，对0～40  cm土层植烟土壤不同形态无机氮分布、烟株农艺性状及产质量进行比较。结果表明，各处理0～20  cm土层土壤硝态氮含量在栽后30 d时随硝态氮施用比例增加而逐渐降低，60、75 d时，单一施用铵态氮（T5）处理硝态氮含量显著大于其他处理。栽后30 、45 d，20～40  cm土层土壤硝态氮含量随硝态氮施用比例的增加而增加。20～40  cm土层土壤铵态氮含量生育期内与硝铵态氮施入量无明显关系。0～40  cm土层土壤无机氮含量在生长前期受施氮影响较大，30 d后各土层无机氮含量无明显规律。不同硝铵态氮配比对烤烟产值的影响不大，各处理间差异不显著;烟碱含量、总氮含量和氯离子含量与硝铵态氮比值呈极显著负相关，总糖含量、还原糖含量和钾离子含量与硝铵态氮比值呈极显著正相关，不同形态氮配比对烤烟常规化学成分含量的影响较大。

关键词 烤烟;不同形态氮配比;产质量

中图分类号 S572文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）11-0164-05

Abstract In order to explore the effects of different nitrogen ratios on nitrogen distribution，yield and quality of tobacco planting soil，Yunyan 87 was used as a test variety T1（100% NO3-N）， T2（70% NO3-N：30% NH4+N）， T3（50% NO3-N： 50% NH4+N）， T4（30% NO3-N： 70% NH4+N）， T5（100% NH4+N） five treatments，planting were setted The distribution of inorganic nitrogen in different forms of 0-40 cm soil，the agronomic traits and yield quality of tobacco plants were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the nitrate content of 0-20 cm in each treatment increased with the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in the 30th day after planting.Gradually，at 60 and 75 d，the content of nitrate nitrogen in singleapplication ammonium （T5） treatment was significantly higher than other treatments.At 30 and 45 d after planting，the nitrate nitrogen content in the 20-40  cm soil layer increased with the increase of the proportion of nitrate nitrogen application.There was no significant relationship between the 20-40  cm ammonium nitrogen content during the growth period and the ammonium nitrate content.The inorganic nitrogen content of 0-40  cm was greatly affected by nitrogen application in the early growth stage，and there was no obvious rule of inorganic nitrogen content in each layer after 30 d.The effect of different ammonium nitrate ratios on the output value of fluecured tobacco was not significant，and the difference between the treatments was not significant.The nicotine content，total nitrogen content and chloride ion content were significantly negatively correlated with the ratio of ammonium nitrate nitrogen，total sugar content.There was a significant positive correlation between the content of reducing sugar and potassium ion and the ratio of ammonium nitrate.The ratio of different forms of nitrogen had a great influence on the content of conventional chemical components in fluecured tobacco.

Key words Tobacco;Different forms of nitrogen ratio;Yield and quality

烟草作为对氮素供应较为敏感的作物，氮素供应量、供应时期及供应形态对烟株生长发育、生理特性及产质量形成均有一定程度的影响，不同生态地区、不同品种对氮素供应的响应也不尽相同。土壤氮素主要以有机态氮及无机态氮的形式存在，其中，有机态氮一般占土壤氮素总量的95%以上[1]，主要包括蛋白质、核酸、氨基酸、腐殖质四大类。……