闫芳芳　张瑞平　杨青青　陈立波　白加林　杨鹏

摘要 [目的]探究田间释放次数对烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜效果的影响。[方法]在调查2017—2018年攀枝花市仁和区田间烟蚜变化规律的基础上，研究释放次数对烟蚜防治效果及烟叶田间表现的影响。[结果]2017—2018年烟蚜消长规律均呈典型的双峰型曲线，2017年出现的2个高峰分别在5月30日和6月29日，最大蚜量分别为33.7、58.5头/株，2018年的2个高峰分别出现在5月25日和6月14日，最大蚜量分别为26.7、54.8头/株;烟蚜茧蜂不同释放次数的结果表明，释放3次的处理对烟蚜的防效最佳，最高防效为75.4%，且后续防治效果稳定持久，与药剂防治的防效对比，烟蚜茧蜂的防治效果在稳定性和长期性方面均表现最好;对烟叶品质和经济效益的调查结果表明，放蜂3次的处理产量、产值、均价和上等烟比例均最高。[结论]多次释放烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜，在提升烟叶品质和促进烟农增收方面具有积极的推动作用。

关键词 烟蚜茧蜂;释放次数;烟蚜防治;田间效果

中图分类号 S476.3文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2020）11-0153-03

Abstract [Objective]To study the effect of Aphidius gifuensis field release times on the control effect of Myzus persicae.[Method] Different release times of A. gifuensis field experiments were set to evaluate the effects of frequency on the control effect of M. persicae and field performance of tobacco leaves on the base of investigating the changes of M. persicae in Renhe District， Panzhihua City from 2017 to 2018. [Result]  The pattern of M. persicae growth and decline from 2017 to 2018 was a typical bimodal curve， the two peaks appeared were on May 30 and June 29 in 2017， respectively， and the maximum aphid amounts were 33.7 and 58.5 heads / plant， however， the two peak periods appeared on May 25 and June 14 in 2018，and the maximum aphids were 26.7 and 54.8 heads / plant， respectively. The results of different release times of A. gifuensis showed that the treatment with three releases had the best control effect on Myzus persicae， gained the highest control effeciency 75.4%， and the subsequent control effeciency were stable and durable. In comparison with the control effects of pesticide control， A. gifuensis control effect of bees on M. persicae was the best in terms of stability and longterm performance. The survey results of tobacco leaf quality and economic benefits indicated that the yield， output value， average price and percentage of superior quality of three treatments of bees was highest. [Conclusion] The control of M. persicae by releasing Aphidius gifuensis multiple times has a positive role in promoting the quality of tobacco leaves and increasing the income of tobacco farmers.

Key words Aphidius gifuensis;Release times;Myzus persicae control;Field effect

烟蚜[Myzus persicae（ Sulzer）]又名桃蚜，属同翅目蚜科，是烟草生产中的主要害虫之一，在我国大多烟区均有发生为害，且给部分烟区造成了重大的经济损失[1-5]。长期以来，烟蚜的防治主要依赖于化学药剂，大多烟区的烟蚜产生了较强的抗药性，导致药剂用量越来越大，导致烟叶的农药残留有进一步加重的趋势。近年来，利用生态因子互相制约关系的绿色生物防控技术越来越受到人们的重视，烟蚜茧蜂（Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead）是一种专门寄生蚜虫的优势天敌，对烟蚜具有较强的控制效果。……