胡易坤　刘超　吴林骏　李乃稳

摘要 随着我国对河流、湖泊的生态环境治理力度的不断加大，外源污染已得到较好的控制，但很多地区的内源污染问题一直被搁置，缺乏有效治理方法。通过试验研究了石英砂、火山岩、麦饭石和陶粒4种材料对黑臭河流底泥氮磷释放的阻隔效果。结果表明，原位物理覆盖技术对氮、磷都有着较好的阻隔效果。4种覆盖材料对底泥中氨氮释放的阻隔效果对比结果为：陶粒、麦饭石>火山岩>石英砂。陶粒对磷的阻隔率最高且稳定，阻隔效果对比结果为：陶粒>麦饭石>石英砂>火山岩。究其原因主要有两点，一是取决于覆盖材料密实程度，二是受控于材料的吸附特性。通过等温吸附模型分析发现陶粒对磷吸附性能最强，而麦饭石对氨氮吸附性能最强，这是陶粒和麦饭分别对磷和氨氮阻隔效果最佳的主要原因。

关键词 材料筛选;黑臭水体;底泥;原位覆盖;吸附;氨氮;磷

中图分类号 X703文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）11-0067-04

Abstract With the increasing efforts of Chinas ecological environment control of rivers and lakes，the external pollution has been rectified in general，but the problem of endogenous pollution in many areas has been shelved and there is less effective treatment.In this paper，the effects of quartz sand，volcanic rock，medical stone and ceramsite on the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the sediment of black odor river are studied experimentally.The results show that the insitu physical coverage technology has a good barrier effect on nitrogen and phosphorus.The comparison results of the blocking effect of four covering materials on the release of ammonia nitrogen in the sediment are： ceramsite，medical stone>volcanic rock>quartz sand.The ceramsite has the highest and most stable barrier to phosphorus and can be maintained at 85%.The contrast effect is： ceramsite > medical stone > quartz sand > volcanic rock.There are two main reasons for this，one is the porosity of the material，and the other is controlled by the adsorption characteristics of the material.The kinetic adsorption model showed that the ceramsite had the strongest adsorption capacity for phosphorus，while the medicinal stone had the strongest adsorption performance for ammonia nitrogen.This is the main reason why ceramsite and medical stone have the best barrier effect on phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen respectively.

Key words Material screening;Black odorous river;Sediment;Insitu capping;Absorption;Ammonia nitrogen;Phosphorus

隨着工业废水、生活污水、农业污水等污染物的大量排放，越来越多的河流湖泊出现发黑臭的现象。而底泥在多年的累积下，汇集了大量的污染物。近几年有关底泥污染治理的研究已经成为水环境保护领域的一大研究热点。

氮、磷浓度作为富营养化的主要衡量指标一直都被纳为重点监测对象。水体中氮、磷等营养盐的超标会引起藻类的大量繁殖，与水生生物竞争阳光、溶解氧，从而导致水体内生物群落大量的死亡[1]。湖底底泥中每年向水体……