张从宇　詹秋文　汪建飞　肖新　李文阳　崔峰　毕亚玲

摘要 以水稻、小龙虾、螃蟹为研究对象，探讨水稻-小龙虾-螃蟹共生轮养模式的经济效益。选择11个水稻品种进行生育期、产量比较试验并方差分析;以水稻单作为对照，研究水稻-小龙虾-螃蟹共生轮养的经济效益。桃优香占、华润2号、粤农丝苗、狮山3号生育期较短;丰两优香1号、玉珍香、福稻88、香润1号、天优1号生育期中等;稻虾1号、南粳505生育期较长;桃优香占、丰两优香1号、华润2号、福稻88产量均比对照南粳505高，且达极显著水平;稻虾1号、天优1号与对照产量差异不显著。水稻-小龙虾-螃蟹模式经济效益39 580元/hm2，水稻单作经济效益18 575元/hm2。水稻-小龙虾-螃蟹模式经济效益是水稻单作的2.13倍。

关键词 水稻;小龙虾;螃蟹;共生轮养

中图分类号 S-9文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）11-0064-03

Abstract Rice， crayfish and crab were studied to explore the economic benefits of ricecrayfishcrab cobreeding. 11 rice varieties were selected for comparison test of growth period and yield.The economic benefits of ricecrayfishcrab cobreeding were studied. The growth periods of Taoyouxiangzhan， Huarun 2， Yuannong silk miao and Shishan 3 were shorter. Fengliangyouxiang1， Yuzhenxiang， Fudao88， Xiangrun No.1， Tianyou No.1 medium growth period; the growth period of rice Shrimps No. 1 and Nanjing 505 was longer. The yields of Taoyouxiangzhan， Fengliangyouxiang 1， Huarun 2 and Fu 88 were all higher than that of control Nanjing 505， and reached extremely significant levels. There was no significant difference between Shrimp No. 1， Tianyou No. 1 and control. The economic benefit of ricecrawfishcrab model was 39，580 yuan/hm2， and the economic benefit of rice monocropping was 18，575 yuan/hm2. The economic benefit of ricecrayfishcrab model was 2.13 times than that of rice alone.

Key words Rice;Crawfish;Crab;Cobreeding

近年來，我国作物种植和畜禽或水产养殖结合发展特别快，从传统的稻鸭共生、稻田养鱼，发展到目前的稻-虾、稻-蟹、稻-鳅、稻-蛙、稻-鳖等新模式[1-2]，以及“稻-鸭-菜”“稻-虾-草-鹅”等周年高效循环种养模式，经济效益普遍提高[3-8]。

水稻-小龙虾-螃蟹共生轮养，是根据生物学、生态学和生物防治的原理，发挥稻田的最大“负载力”，围绕水稻种植周期的浅水环境，依次套养小龙虾、螃蟹。稻田温度与小龙虾、螃蟹生长存活温度相似，因此小龙虾、螃蟹能在稻田的浅水环境下完成生命周期，这是稻虾蟹共生轮养、一田三用的生态基础。水稻-小龙虾-螃蟹共生轮养，集成了种植、养殖和生物防治技术，再配……