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不同灌溉方式对百色右江河谷芒果生长·产量和品质的影响

2020-06-21郭攀李新建梁梅英吴昌智赵海雄粟世华

安徽农业科学 2020年11期
关键词:产量

郭攀 李新建 梁梅英 吴昌智 赵海雄 粟世华

摘要 为探讨不同灌溉方式对芒果生长、产量与品质的影响,在广西百色田阳县那坡镇尚兴村弄蕉屯芒果高效节水灌溉示范基地设置滴灌(DI)、微喷灌(MSI)、低压管灌(LPI)3种灌溉方式与无灌溉(NI)作为对组照,开展对比试验。结果表明,DI、MSI、LPI处理较NI新梢长度、粗度、总数分别提高2.40%、4.33%、2.88%,3.85%、2.56%、5.13%,22.25%、25.17%、15.63%;灌溉较无灌溉提高了芒果的纵横径,其中DI、MSI对果型分布整体提高较为明显,LPI大幅度提高了纵径<100 mm的芒果分布;DI、MSI、LPI较NI分别增产90.91%、76.86%、43.59%;ER和VC较NI增幅不大,仅增加4.18%、2.52%、4.88%和2.20%、2.67%、3.59%;DI、MSI、LPI处理SS和TSS较NI有显著提高,分别提高了9.45%、14.79%、8.46%和7.51%、9.62%、6.34%;TA含量DI、MSI、LPI处理较NI分别减少9.28%、5.43%、3.77%。DI、MSI可作为广西百色地区芒果主要高效节水灌溉方式推广应用。

关键词 百色右江河谷;芒果;灌溉方式;产量;品质

中图分类号 S275文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611(2020)11-0054-03

Abstract In order to explore the effects of different irrigation methods on mango growth, yield and quality, drip irrigation (DI), microsprinkler irrigation (MSI), low pressure pipe irrigation (LPI) and nonirrigation (NI) were set up in the mango high efficiency watersaving irrigation demonstration base of Longjiaotun, Shangxing Village, Napo Town, Baise Tianyang County, Guangxi. The results showed that DI, MSI and LPI treatments of mango new leaves longer, coarser increased slightly than NI treatments by 2.40%, 4.33%, 2.88%, 3.85%, 2.56%, 5.13% ;the total number of new leaves increased by 22.25%, 25.17% and 15.63% respectively. Irrigation increased the vertical and horizontal diameter of mango compared with no irrigation, among which DI and MSI increased the overall distribution of fruit types, and LPI greatly increased the vertical and horizontal diameter of mango distribution less than 100 mm; the yield of DI, MSI and LPI increased by 90.91%, 76.86% and 43.59% respectively compared with NI; ER and VC increased by only 4.18%, 2.52%, 4.88% and 2.20%, 2.67% and 3.59% compared with NI; SS and TSS increased by 9.45%, 14.79%, 8.46% and 7.51%, 9.62%, 6.34%; TA increased by only 4.18%, 2.67%, 3.59%. Compared with NI, it decreased by 9.28%, 5.43% and 3.77% respectively. DI and MSI can be widely used as the main efficient and watersaving irrigation methods for mango in Baise area of Guangxi.

Key words Baise Youjiang valley;Mango;Irrigation method;Yield;Quality

百色右江河谷地区属于南亚热带季风气候区,具有夏长冬短、冬无霜冻、夏无台风、光热充足,非常适合芒果的生长,近年来已成为我国最大的芒果生产基地。2017年广西芒果种植面积9.8万hm2,投产面积4.8万hm2,总产量69万t,总产值36.10亿元,广西芒果种植面积和产量居全国第一[1]。芒果产业已成為百色革命老区群众脱贫致富的支柱产业,是当地农民主要收入来源,保证芒果产量与品质对芒果产业的稳定发展具有重要作用。

右江河谷地区芒果多种植在坡耕地、丘陵地带,灌溉是芒果产业的关键命脉之一,缺乏灌溉是制约芒果产量、品质提高的关键因素[2];灌溉条件相对较好地区,普遍出现因灌溉、施肥不合理造成一定的环境问题,严重制约了右江河谷芒果产业发展。因此,急需探索出一套适用于百色右江河谷地区芒果高效用水管理技术,解放果农劳动力,为百色发展芒果产业助力科技脱贫提供科技推手。……

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