雌雄异株工业大麻杂交育种试验研究
2020-06-21董晓慧景玉良郭丽姜辉单大鹏宋泽
董晓慧 景玉良 郭丽 姜辉 单大鹏 宋泽

摘要 在杂交育种过程中,杂交试验方法多种多样,随着近年来工业大麻杂交育种的发展,育种家常用的试验方法多为使用杂交棚或套白布罩进行隔离、整株自然或人工授粉。以黑龙江省4个工业大麻主栽品种龙大麻5号、龙大麻3号、庆大麻1号、龙大麻1號为试验材料,开展工业大麻套袋杂交育种试验。在玉米套袋杂交育种基础上进行改良,开展雌雄异株工业大麻套袋杂交育种试验,人工授粉杂交结束后测定杂交结实率,结果证实该试验方法行之有效,可用于亲本数量稀少情况下的种质资源扩充及选择。
关键词 工业大麻;杂交育种;杂交方法;结实率
中图分类号 S563.3文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611(2020)11-0032-02
Abstract Hybrid test methods varied in the process of cross breeding. With the development of industrial hemp cross breeding in recent years, the commonly used test method is to use more hybrid breeders shed or set of white cloth cover for isolation, natural or artificial pollination. With four industrial hemps Longdama 5, Longdama 3, Qingdama 1 and Longdama 1 as the test materials, bagged cross breeding test of dioecious industrial hemps was carried out. The experimental method was improved on the basis of maize bagging crossbreeding, and the bagging crossbreeding experiment of dioecious Chinese hemp was carried out. After artificial pollination, the seed setting rate was measured. The experimental results proved that this method was effective and could be used to expand and select germplasm resources in the case of few parents.
Key words Industrial hemp;Cross breeding;Hybrid method;Seedsetting rate
工业大麻即汉麻,指四氢大麻酚(tetrahydrocan-nabinol,THC)含量低于0.3%的大麻(Cannabis sativa L.)一种,是大麻科(Cannabinaceae)大麻属(Cannabis)一年生草本植物[1]。汉麻的韧皮部是天然的植物纤维原料,可用于纺线织布、造纸;籽粒可食用和榨油,其叶、杆、根等可入药,有润肠、镇痛、麻醉、催眠等疗效[2]。自20世纪90年代初以来,欧美等发达国家加大了工业大麻产业开发力度,已开发出约3万种产品,形成了一个巨型的产业群。进入21世纪,我国也开始加强工业大麻产业的发展,并应运而生了许多开发利用工业大麻的科研单位、企业和集团公司。目前,工业大麻已成为黑龙江省产业发展的热点[3]。
随着人们认知的增加,工业大麻作为一种普通植物,在野生状态驯化过程中逐渐发展起几种传统的选育方法。……
